Anatomy of Male Genital System

Presented by Dr.Mir Laieeq. Moderator Dr Shagufta Commentator Dr Saima Naz

Human reproduction involves intricate anatomy and complex behavior

Reproductive Anatomy of the Human Male.
External: - penis - scrotum Internal: - Testes - accessory sex glands and ducts.

Male Reproductive System

 Testes are located in the scrotum, outside the body cavity.

This keeps testicular temperature cooler than the body cavity. The testes develop in the body cavity and descend into the scrotum just before birth.

Scrotum.
The scrotum is a sac consisting of skin and superficial fascia that hangs from the base of the penis. The following two muscles help maintain this temperature if the external conditions get too cold: The Dartos muscle is located in the superficial fascia of the scrotum and septum. Contraction of this smooth muscle creates wrinkles in the scrotum skin. The wrinkling thickens the skin, reducing heat loss when external temperatures are too cold. The Cremaster muscles extend from the internal oblique muscle to the scrotum. Contraction of these skeletal muscles lifts the scrotum closer to the body when external temperatures are too cold.

 Testes are the male gonads. Factories for sperm production

Seminiferous tubules- form sperm Leydig cells (interstitial cells)- produce androgens (ex. Testosterone, ABP).

Testes

Testes
The tunica vaginalis is a two-layer outer serous membrane surrounding each testis. The tunica albuginea lies inside the tunica vaginalis and protrudes inward, dividing each testis into compartments called lobules. One to four tightly coiled tubes, the seminiferous tubules, lie inside each lobule

Testes
. The seminiferous tubules are the sites of sperm production (spermatogenesis). The tubule is lined with spermatogenic cells, which form sperm, and sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells), which support the developing sperm. The coiled seminiferous tubules inside each lobule unite to form a straight tube, the tubulus rectus.

 The rete testis is a network of tubes formed by the merging of the tubules recti from each lobule. The efferent ducts transport sperm out of the testis (from the rete testis) to the epididymis. Interstitial cells surrounding the seminiferous tubules secrete testosterone and other androgen hormones.

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System

 Sperm Pathway

Membranous urethra Prostatic urethra

epididymus

Epididymus
The epididymis is a comma-shaped organ that lies adjacent to each testis. Maturation and Storage of Sperms. It contains a tightly coiled tube, the ductus epididymis(contain microvilli called Sterocilia) Stereocilia nourish the sperms.

Ductus deferens.
The ductus deferens (vas deferens) is the tube through which sperm travel when they leave the epididymis. Enters the abdominal cavity, passes around the urinary bladder. Joins the duct from the seminal vesicle, forming the Ejaculatory duct.

Ductus deferens.
Ampulla : Enlarged region of vas just before ejaculatory duct. Sperm are stored in the ductus deferens until during ejaculation. The ejaculatory ducts are short tubes that connect each ductus deferens to the urethra.

Semen Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline. It contains mucus, fructose, a coagulating enzyme, ascorbic acid, and prostaglandins. Accessory glands:

1. seminal vesicle 2. prostate gland 3. bulbourethral gland

Prostate gland: Location- surrounds and opens into the urethra where it leaves the bladder. Secretion- slightly alkaline fluid that activates the sperm and prevents them from sticking together Prostate problems are common in males over 40. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men.

Prostate

Male Reproductive System (frontal view)

See p. 62 in Review book

Seminal vesicle: A pair of glands that secrete a liquid component of semen into the vas deferens. Secretion is alkaline Contains fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzyme, prostaglandin.

Seminal Vesicle

Bulbourethral gland (Cowpers gland): Location- paired glands that lie beneath the prostate Secretion- a thick, clear alkaline mucous that drains into the membranous urethra. Function- It acts to wash residual urine out of the urethra when ejaculating semen-raises pH; neutralizes acidity of urine.

Bulbourethral gland

Ejaculation
Ejaculation propels sperm from the epididymis to the vas deferens.
The vas deferens run from the scrotum and behind the urinary bladder.

Here each vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form an ejaculatory duct.
The ejaculatory ducts open into the urethra.
The urethra drains both the excretory and reproductive systems.

Ejaculate
A male usually ejaculates about 2 5 mL of semen; each milliliter containing about 50 130 million sperm. Bulbourethral fluid also carries some sperm released before ejaculation. This is one of the reasons why the withdrawal method of birth control has a high failure rate.

Spermatogenesis

Mature Spermatozoa
acrosome nucleus head tail

mitochondria

Seminiferous Tubules

Seminiferous Tubules
spermatozoa Sertoli cell spermatids
2 spermatocyte 1 spermatocyte spermatogonium