Electricity Generation From Biomass

Prepared By Nandkishor Gupta Kailash Chand Sharma Research Scholar EE MNIT JAIPUR

 Producing energy does not have to threaten the environment. In fact, its very production can reap major environmental benefits. The biomass power generating industry has a powerful influence over several areas of environmental concern: Protecting our forests Improving air quality Reducing greenhouse emissions Managing waste Biomass power plants combust wood waste to produce electricity waste that would otherwise create adverse environmental impacts.

 Biomass fuels include wood waste such as:

Agricultural waste like orchard removals, rice hulls, fruit pits, etc.
Forest waste like small trees and undergrowth cleared from forests for fire suppression and growth enhancement Urban wood waste like construction wood scraps, broken pallets, clean wood waste from factories and residue from tree trimmers Unlike other renewable technologies, biomass plants pay to collect, process and transport its fuels and are more labor intensive Biomass power is a reliable, renewable base load electric power source able to provide a steady flow of power regardless of external conditions

 Improves the Health of Our Forests Removing about 68.8 million tons of forest waste annually, reducing the threat of forest fires that endanger lives and property, and contribute to air pollution and GHG emissions Provides Waste Disposal Alternatives Diverts about 36.2 million tons of urban wood waste from landfills annually Reduces Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions At least 2 times more effective in reducing GHG emissions than any other type of renewable technology Reduces Criteria Pollutants Biomass plants cut criteria pollutants as a result of carefully controlled combustion in biomass boilers

 Biomass Power is Carbon Neutral

When plants and trees grow they absorb carbon, and when they die they release carbon as part of nature
When organic matter is used as a fuel, it is utilizing existing carbon adding no new carbon to the atmosphere it is carbon neutral Fossil Fuel Power Creates New Carbon Fossil fuels (which contain carbon) are trapped beneath the ground, inaccessible to the atmosphere Accessed and used fossil fuels release new carbon into the atmosphere

Biomass Also Provides GHG Reductions The amount of biomass in the forest grows or declines over time sequestering or releasing net carbon to the atmosphere. This balance of carbon matters. How biomass returns to the atmosphere also matters. Carbon is returned to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Methane is 25 times more potent as a GHG. Biomass power plants efficiently combust the methane and eliminate it entirely, emitting all the biomass carbon in the form of CO2.

All disposal alternatives open burning, landfilling and decomposing in the open produce a damaging mix of the two.
Biomass is at least 2x more effective in reducing GHG emissions than any other type of renewable technology, or nuclear

 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions for biomass (and biogass) are negative compared to others due to avoidance of landfill disposal and other polluting alternatives

 A clean, renewable alternative to fossil fuel plants Diverts about 36.2 million tons of urban wood waste from landfills each year Has a net negative impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

Diverting waste from high-emission conventional disposal like landfill disposal and agricultural field burning, actually reduces GHG emissions

Electricity generation from BIOMASS

Electricity from Hydroelectric Electricity from Thermal