LTE Conceptual v1

ATOLL LTE FEATURES
Training Programme
1. LTE Concepts 2. LTE Planning Overview 3. Modelling an LTE Network 4. LTE Predictions 5. Neighbour Allocation 6. MIMO Modelling 7. Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling 8. Frequency Plan Analysis
9. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations

10. UMTS - LTE Co-Planning 11. Terminology and Concepts
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1. LTE Concepts
Context and Background
OFDM/OFDMA Basics
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Context and Background

What is LTE?
What is 4G?
Why LTE?
Evolution of LTE
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What is LTE?
LTE = Long Term Evolution
3GPP1s project name for Evolved UTRA2 (e-UTRA) Next generation of 3GPP-based mobile networks (GSM/GPRS/EDGE, UMTS/HSPA and TD-SCDMA) One of the 3 standards on which 4G cellular networks will be based
LTE WiMAX UMB3
1 2 3
from 3GPP from IEEE and the WiMAX Forum from 3GPP2
Third Generation Partnership Project UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Ultra Mobile Broadband
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What is 4G?
Provides improvements over existing 2G and 3G networks
High data rates at high mobile speeds: ~100Mbps in DL, 50Mbps in UL with MIMO Inter-working and support for mobility: Handovers to 3G and 2G layers and roaming Service and content convergence: VoIP, download, streaming, TV, VOD, etc. All IP backbone
Based on some form of OFDM

Implement Smart Antenna/MIMO Techniques Use Higher Order Modulation Techniques Support for Scalability: Channel Bandwidth Adaptation
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What is 4G?
Evolution of 3GPP Standards
Release 99: Release 4: Release 5: Release 6: Release 7: Release 8: Release 10: UMTS FDD (3G) UMTS TDD + FDD Repeaters (3G) HSDPA (3.5G) HSUPA (Enhanced Uplink) + MBMS (3.5G) HSPA+ (2x2 MIMO, Higher Order Modulation, etc.) (3.75G) LTE FDD and TDD (3.9G) LTE Advanced (4G)
WCDMA
384 kbps downlink 128 kbps uplink
HSDPA/HSUPA
14 Mbps peak downlink 5.7 Mbps peak uplink ~1 to 2 Mbps per user 3GPP Release 5/6
HSPA+
28 Mbbs peak downlink 11 Mbps peak uplink
LTE
100 Mbps peak downlink 50 Mbps peak uplink
LTE Adv.
100 Mbps to 1Gbps peak downlink LTE Advanced 3GPP Release 10
3GPP Release 99/4
3GPP Release 7/8 Technologies
LTE 3GPP Release 8
CDMA (+ Diversity)
CDMA (+ Diversity)
CDMA + MIMO
OFDMA SC-FDMA MIMO
OFDMA SC-FDMA MIMO
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Why LTE?
Huge Potential Market Share
GSM (80.4 % market share) Around 670 operators in ~200 countries More than 3 billion subscribers worldwide UMTS HSPA (7.8 % market share) Around 105 operators in ~47 countries Nearly 300 million subscribers worldwide
Potential Market Share for UMB: 11 % Economic

Possibility to reuse part of existing 3G equipment hardware with software defined radio Spectrum already allocated to operators
Convergence of Market and User Needs

Multi-play services (voice, data, broadcast, )
Number of mobile subscriptions worldwide: > 3.8 billion

Evolution of LTE
Future: IMT-Advanced (4G)
Most LTE/WiMAX networks will move to
LTE Advanced WiMAX 802.16m
100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in DL

100 Mbps for fast moving users 1 Gbps for slow to stationary users
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OFDM/OFDMA Basics
OFDM Definition and Differences between FDM and OFDM
Advanced OFDM : OFDMA Multiple Access Techniques and Duplexing Methods Benefits of OFDM/OFDMA OFDM/OFDMA in LTE
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What is OFDM ?
OFDM = Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Also known as Discrete MultiTone (DMT) or Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) Advanced form of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
FDM : single modulated radio signal per user OFDM : hundreds to thousands of separated radio signals (subcarriers) spread across a wideband channel. In OFDM, the sub-carrier frequencies are chosen so that the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other
Time period for modulation: OFDM symbol

Adjustable guard periods : cyclic prefix used to dissipate multipath effect Symbol rate = f(channel bandwidth, carrier spacing - Distance between subcarriers)
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OFDM Frequency and Time Domains

Time
Symbols
Subcarriers
Frequency
1 OFDM symbol
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Differences between FDM and OFDM

FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Carriers separated by guard bands low spectrum usage efficiency More carriers more guard bands decrease in efficiency Therefore, usually large carrier widths are used Large carrier widths short symbol duration (f=(1/t)) more sensitive to time delays
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Differences between FDM and OFDM

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Centre point of subcarrier c intersects with subcarriers c-1 and c+1 at their 0 values
Narrowband orthogonal carriers negligible inter-carrier-interference (ICI) Long symbol durations + cyclic prefix negligible inter-symbol-interference (ISI) No ICI and ISI no intra-cell interference Possibility to support less robust modulations like 64QAM, 16QAM, for higher throughput
Advanced OFDM : OFDMA

OFDMA : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OFDM
Each user is allocated the full channel : capacity wasting
OFDMA
Each user can be assigned only a part of the entire channel at a time Ability to subdivide the subcarrier population : more than one user served at a time
Subchannels Forsk 2010 Confidential Do not share without prior permission
Subchannels
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Multiplexing and Duplexing

Uses SOFDMA (same as WiMAX 802.16e) in DL
SOFDMA: Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
Uses SC-FDMA in UL (an OFDM variant not much different from SOFDMA)
SC-FDMA: Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
Can be deployed in FDD and TDD
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Multiple Access Techniques
1g 4g
2g 3g
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OFDM and OFDMA

Scalable OFDMA
Channel bandwidth is scalable, i.e., can be adapted as needed
1.4
10
15
20
Bandwidth (MHz)
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LTE Channel Structure

OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) in UL
A channel is composed of more than 1 Frequency Block (FB)
Equivalent of Subchannel in WiMAX Fixed width = 180 kHz (LTE system level constant) 1 Frequency Block over 1 slot = 1 Resource Block (RB) (Elementary unit assigned to 1 user) Benefit of SC-FDMA: Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) Easier UE Design
Each FB is composed of many Subcarriers

Two Subcarrier widths possible: 15 kHz, 7.5 kHz 1 FB = 12 SCa of 15 kHz OR 24 SCa of 7.5 kHz 7.5 kHz specified for MBMS/SFN services 1 subcarrier over 1 SD = 1 Resource Element (RE)
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Basic Time-Frequency frame on LTE ( normal cycling prefix).
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LTE Channel Structure
Spectrum Allocation 1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
Subcarrier Spacing
Sampling Frequency 1.92 MHz (1/2 x 3.84) 3.84 MHz (1 x 3.84)
FFT Size
Number of RBs 6 15 25 50 75 100
Number of Used Subcarriers 72 (73) 180 (181) 300 (301) 600 (601) 900 (901) 1200 (1201)
128 256 512 1024 1536 2048
15 kHz (7.5 kHz for MBMS)
7.68 MHz (2 x 3.84)
15.36 MHz (4 x 3.84)

23.04 MHz (6 x 3.84) 30.72 MHz (8 x 3.84)
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LTE Frame Structure

TDD and FDD
Specific frame structures for TDD and FDD 1 frame = 10 ms = 2 half-frames (TDD) = 10 subframes or TTI (each 1 ms) = 20 slots (each 0.5 ms) 1 slot (0.5 ms) = 6 or 7 symbol durations Two possible cyclic prefix durations: Normal or Extended (resp. 7 or 6 OFDM symbols per slot) Control channels transmitted on subframes 0 and 5 (always DL)
10 ms
LTE Frame
1 ms
SF 0
SF 1
0.5 ms
..
SF 9
Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3
..
Slot 18
Slot 19
OFDM Symbol 0
OFDM Symbol 1
OFDM Symbol 2
OFDM Symbol 3
OFDM Symbol 4
OFDM Symbol 5
OFDM Symbol 6
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
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CP
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LTE Frame Structure

FDD Frame
FDD Frame = 10 ms Subframe 1 ms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
TDD Frame with (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS as in TD-SCDMA)

Full- and Half-frame switching point periodicity Half-frame periodicity provides the same half-frame structure as a TD-SCDMA subframe
TDD Frame = 10 ms (with SPP = Frame) Half frame = 5 ms Subframe 1 ms 0 2 3 4 5 7 8 9
DwPTS GP UpPTS
DwPTS GP UpPTS
TDD Frame = 10 ms (with SPP = Frame) Half frame = 5 ms Subframe 1 ms 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
DwPTS GP UpPTS
Physical Channels
Random access
HARQ feedback CQI reporting UL scheduling request CQI reporting for MIMO related feedback
Traffic
Slot/Frame synchronization & Cell Id identification HARQ feedback Transport format UL scheduling grant Resource allocation
eNode-B
Traffic, MBMS Control information Paging

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OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)

Structure of a Resource Block
Frame structure of Type I, 1 antenna, F = 15 kHz (1 subcarrier)
Standard frequency block
Any frequency block within the centre 6 frequency blocks:
Legend:
Downlink Reference Signals PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) PSS (Primary Synchronisation Signal) SSS (Secondary Synchronisation Signal) PDCCH / PHICH / PCFICH (Physical - Downlink Control / HARQ Indicator / Control Format Indicator - Channels) PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Data Channel)
Subcarriers in a resource block are adjacent RBs allocated to mobiles are not necessarily adjacent Interference Coordination
OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)

7 OFDM symbols at normal CP per slot (0.5 ms)
OFDM Symbol 0 OFDM Symbol 1 OFDM Symbol 2 OFDM Symbol 3 OFDM Symbol 4 OFDM Symbol 5 OFDM Symbol 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 subframe = 2 slots (1 ms)
Legend: Downlink Reference signals PBCH PSS SSS PDCCH / PHICH / PCFICH PDSCH
SF 7 SF 8 SF 9
180 kHz
Centre 6 RBs
SF 0
SF 1
SF 2
SF 3
SF 4
SF 5
SF 6
Channel Bandwidth
1 frame (10 ms) = 10 subframes (1 ms) = 20 slots (0.5 ms)
PSS and SSS ~ Preamble in WiMAX DL Reference signals ~ Pilot subcarriers in WiMAX
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
SC-FDMA LTE Frame (UL)

7 OFDM symbols at normal CP per slot (0.5 ms)
OFDM Symbol 0 OFDM Symbol 1 OFDM Symbol 2 OFDM Symbol 3 OFDM Symbol 4 OFDM Symbol 5 OFDM Symbol 6 CP CP CP CP CP CP CP
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 subframe = 2 slots (1 ms)
Legend: UL DMRS (Uplink Demodulation Reference Signal) UL SRS (Uplink Sounding Reference Signal) PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) (incl. HARQ
feedback and CQI reporting)
Demodulation Reference Signal for PUCCH PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel)
180 kHz
SF 0
SF 1
SF 2
SF 3
SF 4
SF 5
SF 6
SF 7
SF 8
SF 9
Channel Bandwidth
1 frame (10 ms) = 10 subframes (1 ms) = 20 slots (0.5 ms)
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Frequency Planning
Usual 1x3x1 and 1x3x3 Allocations
Ch 1
Ch 1
Ch 1
Ch 2
Ch 3
Ch 1
Ch 1
Ch 3
Ch 2
Frequency
Fractional Frequency Allocation: like segmentation in WiMAX

Possibility to allocate 3 fractions of the a channel to 3 sectors of a site (Static ICIC) Provides better spectrum usage and interference reduction
F1 F1 Ch 1 Ch 1 Ch 1 F3 F2 F3 F2 F1 F2 F3
Ch 1
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Handovers in LTE
Hard Handover
Fast BS Selection
No soft handover specified for LTE

Training Programme

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2. LTE Planning Overview

LTE Features Supported in Atoll
LTE Workflow in Atoll
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LTE Features supported in Atoll

Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Various Frequency Bands Scalable Channel Bandwidths Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes
Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads

Downlink and uplink reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.
RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations
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Physical Cell IDs Implementation Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support
Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling
Support of Fractional Power Control (UL) Support of Directional CPE Antennas Signal Level Based Coverage Planning CINR Based Coverage Planning Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications
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Network Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems
Transmit and Receive Diversity Single-User MIMO or spatial multiplexing Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS) Modelling of Multi-User MIMO (collaborative MIMO UL only)
Tools for Resource Allocation

Automatic Allocation of Neighbours Automatic Allocation of Physical Cell IDs Automatic Allocation of Frequencies (AFP) (Optional)
Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data
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LTE Workflow in Atoll

Open an existing project or create a new one Network Configuration - Add network elements - Change parameters Basic Predictions (Best Server, Signal Level) Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning Traffic Maps
And/or
ACP
Monte-carlo Simulations Cell Load Conditions Signal Quality and Throughput Predictions
User-defined Values
Subscriber Lists
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Frequency Plan Analysis
Prediction Study Reports
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Training Programme

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3. Modelling an LTE Network

Frequency Bands
LTE Frame Structure Settings Transmitter Parameters Cell Parameters
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Frequency Bands
Frequency Bands
Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) One frequency band assigned to each cell
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LTE Frame Structure Settings

Transmitter Folder Global Parameters
Number of SD for Physical Downlink Control Channel (0,1,2 or 3) carrying DL and UL Resource allocation information Normal (default) or extended cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot) e.g.: at 15 kHz, 7 SD/slot (normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended)
System-level constants (Hard-coded)

Width of a resource block (180 kHz) Frame duration (10 ms) Average number of resource blocks for Physical Uplink Control Channel (top and bottom of frame transmitted every 2 slots) TDD option only : Switch from DL to UL every half frame (default) or every frame
Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs)
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Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc.

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Transmitter Parameters
Cells: (Tx-carrier) pairs Specifications of carriers in a transmitter
Equipment specifications
DL and UL total losses, noise figure
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output systems) reception and transmission settings
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Cell Parameters
Cell order used for carrier selection Cells frequency band Physical Cell ID + resulting PSS/SSS (and allocation status) Min RSRP used as cell coverage limit Inter-cell Interference Coordination and Fractional Power Control Parameters LTE equipment used for bearer selection/quality indicator studies/MIMO gains UL/DL traffic loads* UL noise rise due to surrounding mobiles* Cell capacity gain in case of MU-MIMO Maximum simultaneous users supported by the cell* Effect of external sources of interferences Neighbour list
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Cell activity Channel number in the frequency band (and allocation status) Resource allocation min reuse distance Power and energy offsets from computed reference signal Scheduler used for bearer selection and resource allocation UL and DL MIMO support (Tx/Rx Div, SU-MIMO/SM, AMS and/or MU-MIMO) RS Threshold to switch from SM to Tx/Rx Div or for using MU-MIMO Max UL and DL traffic loads to be respected during simulations Actual number of connected users* Inputs of the neighbour allocation algorithm
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* User-defined or simulation output
Training Programme

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4. LTE Predictions
Introduction
Parameters used in Predictions
Prediction Settings
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Coverage Prediction Examples
Point Analysis Studies
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Introduction
Coverage Predictions
General Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels
Best server plot based on downlink reference signal levels Multiple server coverage based on downlink reference signal levels Reference signal level plots Reference signal CNR plots RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
LTE UL and DL Specific Studies

SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH Signal Level Plots SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CNR Plots Quality Studies (RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality, Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power) Best Bearer and Modulation Plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Levels Throughput and Cell Capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Channel Throughputs Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Throughputs averaged per User Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Cell Capacities Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Aggregate Cell Throughputs Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Allocated Bandwidth Throughputs (UL)
Point Predictions
Introduction
Principles of the studies based on traffic
Study calculated for
Given load conditions UL noise rise DL traffic load A non-interfering user with A service A mobility A terminal type with a directive antenna (oriented towards the serving cell)
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Load Conditions
Load conditions are defined in the cells table
Values taken into consideration in predictions for each cell
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Service Properties
Parameters used in predictions

Highest bearers in UL and DL Body loss Application throughput parameters
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LTE Bearer Properties

Support for Multiple Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS)
User-selectable modulations (QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM) User-definable coding rates (e.g. 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, etc.) User-definable bearer efficiencies (useful bits per resource element)
Used for channel throughput evaluation
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LTE Bearer Properties

Link Adaptation in LTE
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Mobility Properties

Mapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as radio conditions depend on user speed).
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Terminal Properties
Support of MIMO

Reception equipment Antenna settings (incl. MIMO support) Maximum terminal power Gain and losses Noise figure
Number of Antenna ports in UL and DL in case of MIMO support
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Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
Does not require Monte-Carlo simulations or subscriber lists
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level plots
Best server plot

Coverage by signal level Multiple server coverage
Reference signal quality based coverage predictions

Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell) Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH CNR plots
RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
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Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
Traffic channel CINR based coverage predictions
Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte-Carlo simulation results Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell) RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator and RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power) Best bearer plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Throughput and cell capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application channel throughputs Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughputs averaged per user Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application cell capacities Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application aggregate cell throughputs
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Fast Link Adaptation Modelling

Atoll determines, on each pixel, the highest bearer that each user can obtain
No soft handover Connection to the best server in term of reference signal level (C) Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels)
Process : prediction done via look-up tables

Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughput calculation
Reference signal quality evaluation (C)
Highest bearer determination limited by the service settings
Best server and service area determination (RSRP)
PDSCH and PUSCH CINR calculation
Quality indicator (BER, BLER)
Interference Estimation
Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR according to:
The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power The interfering signals impacted by:
The interferer powers The path loss from the interferer to the victim Antenna gain Losses from interferer (incl. Shadowing effect and indoor losses)
The interference reduction due to the co and adjacent channel overlap between the studied and the interfering base stations The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stations traffic load The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations)
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Bearer Selection
When PDSCH and PUSCH CINR are evaluated, the bearer is selected according to:
The LTE reception equipment defined at reception (cell for UL, terminal for DL) The CINR threshold to access each bearer Scheduler parameters of the serving cell
Bearer selection criterion The uplink bandwidth allocation target
The highest possible bearer according to the service settings
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Bearer Selection
Scheduler Settings for Bearer Determination
Bearer selection criterion: Bearer index: selection of the highest bearer index Peak RLC throughput: selection of the highest peak RLC throughput Effective RLC throughput: selection of the highest effective RLC throughput
Uplink bandwidth allocation target: Full bandwidth: use of all the frequency blocks Maintain connection: number of frequency blocks reduced one by one to increase the PUSCH CINR so that the mobile is able to get at least the lowest bearer (as defined by the bearer selection criterion) Best bearer: number of frequency blocks reduced to increase the PUSCH CINR so that the mobile is able to get the best bearer available (as defined by the bearer selection criterion)
Throughput Estimation
When the bearer is selected, the channel throughput is calculated according to:
The channel bandwidth The frame definition considering hard coded parameters and user-defined ones (global parameters tab or the Transmitter folder property box).
The cyclic prefix ratio

The bearer efficiency defined in the selected bearer
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Quality Indicator Estimation

When the bearer is selected, the quality indicator (BER or BLER) is obtained according to:
The graphs defined in the quality graph tab of the receiver equipment The selected bearer The calculated PDSCH and PUSCH CINRs The terminal mobility (optionally)
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Prediction Examples (General Studies)
Number of servers (Based on reference signal power)
Coverage by signal level (Based on reference signal power)
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Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna)
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Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna)
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Point Analysis Tools

Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Tab
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP) Definition of a userdefinable probe" receiver, indoor or not
Possibility to display tips information on each bar
Cell bargraphs (best server at the top)
Analysis detail on reference signals, PDSCH and PUSCH

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Reference Signals, PDSCH and PUSCH availability (or not)

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Point Analysis Tools

Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Tab
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS & PBCH, PDCCH & PDSCH, RSRP) Definition of a userdefinable probe" receiver, indoor or not
Possibility to display tips information on each bar
Cell bargraphs (best server at the top)
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Training Programme

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LTE Conceptual v1

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ATOLL LTE FEATURES

9. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Context and Background

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Based on some form of OFDM

3GPP Release 99/4

3GPP Release 7/8 Technologies

LTE 3GPP Release 8

OFDMA SC-FDMA MIMO

OFDMA SC-FDMA MIMO

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Potential Market Share for UMB: 11 % Economic

Convergence of Market and User Needs

Number of mobile subscriptions worldwide: > 3.8 billion

100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in DL

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Time period for modulation: OFDM symbol

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

OFDM Frequency and Time Domains

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Differences between FDM and OFDM

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Differences between FDM and OFDM

Advanced OFDM : OFDMA

Subchannels Forsk 2010 Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Multiplexing and Duplexing

Can be deployed in FDD and TDD

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Multiple Access Techniques

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

OFDM and OFDMA

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LTE Channel Structure

Each FB is composed of many Subcarriers

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

Basic Time-Frequency frame on LTE ( normal cycling prefix).

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

LTE Channel Structure

Spectrum Allocation 1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz

Sampling Frequency 1.92 MHz (1/2 x 3.84) 3.84 MHz (1 x 3.84)

Number of RBs 6 15 25 50 75 100

128 256 512 1024 1536 2048

15 kHz (7.5 kHz for MBMS)

7.68 MHz (2 x 3.84)

15.36 MHz (4 x 3.84)

Confidential Do not share without prior permission

LTE Frame Structure

Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3

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LTE Frame Structure

TDD Frame with (DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS as in TD-SCDMA)

TDD Frame = 10 ms (with SPP = Frame) Half frame = 5 ms Subframe 1 ms 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Traffic, MBMS Control information Paging

OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)

Any frequency block within the centre 6 frequency blocks:

OFDMA LTE Frame (DL)

1 subframe = 2 slots (1 ms)

1 frame (10 ms) = 10 subframes (1 ms) = 20 slots (0.5 ms)

SC-FDMA LTE Frame (UL)