PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF HEAT PIPE

Project undertaken by

Utkarsh Gupta Shubhendu Prakash Singh Shubhansh Sinha Sandeep Pathak

Under The Guidance of

(0902940112) (0902940097) (0902940098) (0902940085) Dr.M.N.Khan

Heat pipes are one of the most effective procedures to transport thermal energy from one point to another, mostly used for cooling. It can transfer large quantities of heat over fairly large distances without any power input. Heat pipes contain no mechanical moving parts and typically require no maintenance.

Heat Transfer within a Heat Pipe

Heat Absorbed
Container Wick Structure

Heat Released

Evaporation

Condensation

Wick Structure

Heat Absorbed

Container

Heat Released

*Drawing is not to scale.

Heat Pipe Cross-Section and working

Heat load and geometry of the heat source.

Possible heat sink location, the distance and orientation relative to the heat source.
Temperature profile of heat source, heat sink and ambient. Environmental condition. The working fluid.

Pipe material.
Wick structure for the operating orientation.
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Working area of the fluids

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1-2 Heat applied to evaporator through external sources vaporizes working fluid to a saturated(2) or superheated (2) vapor. 2-3 Vapor pressure drives vapor through adiabatic section to condenser. 3-4 Vapor condenses, releasing heat to a heat sink. 4-1 Capillary pressure created by menisci in wick pumps condensed fluid into evaporator section. Process starts over.
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Heat pipe
Powder type

Advantage
The best for heat transfer Better quality and reliability

Disadvantage
Higher cost

Difficult to produce

Mesh type

Quick in response Lower cost

Quality may vary Poor heat transfer Heat transfer is below average

Groove type

Most workable for pressing Quick heat response

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- occurs when the capillary pressure is too low to provide enough liquid to the evaporator from the condenser. Leads to dryout in the evaporator. Dryout prevents the thermodynamic cycle from continuing and the heat pipe no longer functions properly.
Capillary limit

- occurs when the radial heat flux into the heat pipe causes the liquid in the wick to boil and evaporate causing dryout.
Boiling Limit

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- This limit is connected with open channels. At high vapor velocities, droplets of liquid in the wick are torn from the wick and sent into the vapor.
Interaction limit

- It is important for high temperature heat pipes, where the vapour could possibly reach the speed of sound when leaving the evaporator.
Speed of sound limit

- at low temperatures, the vapor pressure difference between the condenser and the evaporator may not be enough to overcome viscous forces. The vapor from the evaporator doesnt move to the condenser and the thermodynamic cycle doesnt occur.
Viscous Limit
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Each limit has its own particular range in which it is important.

In practical operation, capillary & boiling limits are the most important.

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Electronics cooling - small high performance components cause high heat fluxes and high heat dissipation demands. Used to cool transistors and high density semiconductors. Aerospace - cool satellite solar array, as well as shuttle leading edge during reentry. Heat exchangers - power industries use heat pipe heat exchangers as air heaters on boilers.

Other applications - production tools, medicine and human body temperature control, engines and automotive industry.

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A CPU Cooler

A laptop heat pipe system

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To evaluate & improve efficiency of Heat pipe.

Examine :

Effect of presence of fins on the performance of heat pipe. Effect of change in cross-sections on the performance of the heat pipe.

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Hoping that things pan out accordingly and keeping work plan in mind , date of project completion is set in APRIL 2013.

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