PHONETIC

Sri Handayani

PHONETIC CLASSIFICATION

Two broad distinctions: (i) Vowels: sounds which are made with a smooth, continuous, unobstructed airflow through the oral cavity (e.g. [i:] as in see or [u:] as in too) (ii)Consonants: sounds which are made with some obstruction to the airflow in the oral cavity (e.g. [s] as in see or [t] as in too)

CONSONANTS I. MANNER OF ARTICULATION

II.

PLACE OF ARTICULATION

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Vowels:

(1) the height to which the body of the tongue is raised, whether it is high, low, or in between (mid); (2) how forward the body of the tongue is, whether it is front (advanced), central, or back (retracted);
(3) whether the lips are rounded or unrounded.

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Phonetic transcription
The representation of speech with phonetic symbols: each symbol represents one and only one sound IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) A universal inventory of phonetic symbols Representing the sounds in all human languages
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ACTIVITY 1: Pronounce the following words to yourself before answering these questions: (i) Do the highlighted letters in each of the following sets of words represent the same sound? a) city, cotton, species, cello. b) gold, ginger, gnaw, high c) can, can't, ancient, sofa. d) bus, news, vision, Asia. e) sit, site, machine, racial. f) rough, stuff, cough, through. g) kick, charisma, unique, cut. h) may, lame, fail, hey. i) chef, shell, mission, special.

(ii) How many sounds do the highlighted letters represent in each of the following words? 18 tax, thing, schedule, school, are, though, chrome.

ACTIVITY 2 (i) Transcribe the following words, using the phonetic alphabet given above. Remember: don't confuse letters (or the spelling) with sounds. [NB. Some of you may pronounce certain words differently, which will naturally lead to differences in transcription. There's nothing wrong with that.] Compare your transcriptions with each other, and with those given in a standard dictionary (such as the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English). (1) rough, (2) debt, (3) psyche, (4) schedule, (5) judge, (6) yacht, (7) march, (8) useful, (9) queen, (10) chalk

ii) Given below are some phonetic transcriptions. Can you pronounce them aloud, and identify the words that they represent?

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Activity 3

Explain briefly of terminology term in phonetic below and give a model; 1. Plosive Velar plosives Alveolar plosives 2. Fricatives Labio dental fricatives Dental Fricatives Palato Alveolar Fricatives Alveolar Fricatives Glottal Fricatives 3. Affricatives Palato Alveolar Affricatives 4. Nasals Alveolar Nasal Velar Nasal Bilabial Nasal 5. Post Alveolar Approximant Laterals Labio velar semi vowel Palatal semi vowel

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