L.D.

College of Engineering

Roadmap to Presentation
Introduction Stepper Motor Working Principle Types of Stepper Motors Stepper Motor Interfacing

Introduction
What is Motor ?

Motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical signals into mechanical movement(rotation). The word Motor comes from Rotor as it has rotor as a movable part. A shaft is mounted on rotor.

Stepper Motor

A stepper motor is a brushless, electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps. Stepper motors commonly have Permanent magnet rotor(shaft) surrounded by a Electromagnetic stator. The stepper motor is used for position control in applications such as disk drivers, dot matrix printers, and robotics, etc.

Construction

Working Principle
It works on the principle of electromagnetism . There is a magnetic rotor shaft of soft iron which is surrounded by the electromagnetic stators.
When the stators are energized the rotor moves to align itself along with the stator or moves to have a minimum gap with the stator .In this way the stators are energized in a sequence to rotate stepper motor. In stepper motor like and unlike poles concept is used.

The step angle is the minimum degree of rotation associated with a angles for various motors.
The step per revolution is the total number of steps needed to rotate one complete rotation or 360 degrees. The relation between RPM (revolutions per minute), steps per revolution, and steps per second is as follows: Steps/Sec = RPM x Steps per revolution / 60

After completing every four steps, the rotor moves only one tooth pitch. The smaller the step angle, the more teeth the motor passes.

Types of Stepper Motor

Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor. Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor. Hybrid Stepper Motor.

ACCORDING TO WINDING:

1. 2. 3.

Unipolar Stepper Motor Bipolar Stepper Motor Universal Stepper Motor

Bipolar Stepper Motor

It has four wires with no common center connection.

It has two independent sets of coils .

Unipolar Stepper Motor

It has five or six wires and four coils .The centre

connections of the coils are tied together and used as the power connection. They are called unipolar stepper motors because power always comes in one pole.

Interfacing Circuit

Controlling Types
There are two types of controlling sequence:
1) Full (Four) Step Sequence.

2) Half (Eight) Step Sequence.

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