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What is Deviance?
Deviant Behavior
1. Behaviors that stray from the accepted norms, beliefs, values of a group. 2. Nonconformity of the social norms or the established standards of a group.
Deviant Behavior
3. Actions or behaviors that violate social norms including formally-enacted rules (crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).
Deviant Behavior
Activity sheet yellow paper: 1. Gather your reporting groups. 2. List all acts of deviancy you have done in your life up to now. 3. How do you feel when you commit those acts?
Relative in every group Relative in time and place Can be justified May be:
Deviance, explained
Theories were postulated to explain deviance. 1. Cesare Lombroso (1911)
Lombroso states that people are born as criminals. People with large jaws, high cheekbones, good eyesight, and insensibility to pain are criminals.
Deviance, explained
2. Psychology: A. Result of personality disorder because of innner conflicts or inability to control impulses B. Form of aggression against others or against the society because of Frustration
Sociological Explanations
1. 2. 3. 4. Functionalist Perspective Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Feminist Approach
Functionalist Perspective
Functionalist Perspective
1. Emile Durkheim 2. Robert Merton 3. Walter Reckless
Functionalist Perspective
1. Emile Durkheim (1897)
A. Deviance is a natural part of all societies and serves important functions. B. People in the society unites to oppose deviant behavior.
Functionalist Perspective
1. Emile Durkheim (1897)
C. Postulates anomie a state of normlessness D. Anomie results when there is too much norms to be followed. Person then becomes normless, nosense of belongingness. This results to other behaviors.
Functionalist Perspective
2. Robert Merton (1968) A. Deviance results from the differences and inconsistencies from norms. B. Merton questions if all peoples in the society has the same societal goals.
Functionalist Perspective
2. Robert Merton (1968) C. This can be explained in: Example: Becoming Rich
Deviant
Use of Drugs Corruption
Conformist
Education
Hard Work
Functionalist Perspective
3. Walter Reckless (1967) A. Deviance and Conformity are both learned in the same process of socialization. B. Deviant behaviors occurs because there is a lack of social control to apprehend such behaviors.
Conflict Theory
Conflict Theory
Conflict theory postulates that deviance results as part of the struggle between the powerful groups v. the non-powerful groups.
Conflict Theory
1. Groups with interests and powers advocate rules that serve their interests. 2. This method of social control through (persuasion, law making) enhances the power of the elite groups.
Conflict Theory
3. What is criminal and what is not are defined by those in power. 4. The people who benefit the most are the ruling class.
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic Interactionism focuses on labels, social meanings that is being attributed to deviant acts.
Symbolic Interactionism
1. Edwin Sutherland A. Cultural transmission has been liable for causing deviant behaviors. B. Deviant behavior is learned through interactions with a small intimate groups.
Symbolic Interactionism
1. Edwin Sutherland C. When a person interacts, mostly, with a deviant, he acquires his techniques, motives, desires. Thus becoming a deviant himself.
Symbolic Interactionism
2. Labeling Theory A. This theory focuses on how crime and deviance become defined and labeled, and its effect on a person being so labeled.
Symbolic Interactionism
2. Labeling Theory B. Once people are labeled as deviant, they are thrust into a deviant role and are reacted to by others as deviants.
Symbolic Interactionism
2. Labeling Theory C. After the commission of a deviant act, the person is labeled, and the individual is stigmatized. D. The person then becomes more deviant and is devoid of acting conventional acts.
Feminist Approach
Feminist Approach
Three schools of thought: A. Liberal B. Radical C. Socialist
Feminist Approach
Three schools of thought: A. Liberal Deviance is a rational response to gender discrimination experienced in marriage, workplace, and interpersonal relations.
Feminist Approach
Three schools of thought: B. Radical:
Feminist Approach
Three schools of thought: C. Socialist In capitalistic and patriarchal societies women receive low wages. This might result to prostitution, shoplifting or other deviant behaviors.
Conflict Theory
Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse
Drug: Any substance that brings about, physical, emotional, or behavioral changes in the person taking it. The change must result to the impairement of a persons physical, emotional, mental, behavioral and social costitutions.
Drug Abuse
Drug Addiction: A state of physical or psychological need of a drug which stems from its continual use.
Drug Abuse
Physical Dependence: Exhibited on withdrawal symtoms (vomiting and muscular tremors) when a person decides to stop using the drugs. Psychological Dependence: Phenomenon when a drug becomes necessary for the persons well being. Person loses selfcontrol.
Drug Abuse
Most commonly abused drugs: 1. Sedatives 2. Stimulants 3. Hallucinogens 4. Narcotics
Drug Abuse
Most commonly abused drugs: 1. Sedatives Effect: Calming effects on the nervous system. Overdose death. Examples: Barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol. 2. Stimulants Effect: Increase alertness, hide fatigue. Overdose/excessive use insomnia, exhaustion, depression. Examples: Cocaine, Amphtemines.
Drug Abuse
Most commonly abused drugs: 3. Hallucinogens Effects: Affects sensation, thinking, selfawareness and emotion. Examples: Marijuana, LSd. 4. Narcotics: Effects: Relieve pain. Continuous use may lead to physiological an psychological dependence. Examples: Marijuana, Shabu, Ecstasy.
Crime
What is Crime?
Crime
It is a violation of a norm which is codified into a law and backed by the power and authority of the state. Crime injures:
A. Victim B. Society
The End