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103
The standard temperature for resistance is 20 degrees,
Therefore R depends on temperature in normal range
As per the following equation:
( ) | | 20 1
20 20
+ = T R R
t
o
20
o
00932 . 0
20
= o
Temperature coefficient of resistance at 20 degrees
For copper
104
LINE INDUCTANCE
Inductance of a single phase two wire line
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
TRANSPOSITION OF LINE CONDUCTORS
112
113
114
115
116
BUNDLE CONDUCTORS
Where S is the spacing between sub-conductors.
A is the bundle radius.
Bundle conductor
117
Reichman has shown that the spacing of conductors
In a bundle affects voltage gradient and the optimum
Spacing is of the order of 8-10 times the conductors
Diameter irrespective of the number of conductors
In the bundle.
Regarding the bundle radius, usually
( ) mm A 530 200 =
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
LINE CAPACITANCE
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
SURGE MPEDANCE LOADING SIL
C
produced
X
KV
M
2
var =
141
L used
X I M
2
var =
2
2
2
2
I
V
X X or
X
V
X I
C L
C
L
=
=
142
The term
C
L
In the above equation is by definition
The surge impedance.
143
( )
impedance surge
KV
MW in SIL
L L
2
=
144
145
146
147