Presented By:

o Kanchan Sangle 105

o Yogita Jadhav 106 o Mangesh Jadhav-107

o Kamini Pawade-109

Index
o Introduction to Internet?
o How Internet works? o Components of Internet

o Application of Internet

Introduction of Internet
Internet is vast network that connects many

independent networks. No one person responsible for invention of Internet. The Internet was originally developed by DARPA, Defense Advanced Research Project Agency. This concept was developed in 1964 Larry Robert created the first functioning longdistance computer network in 1965

o The United States to create the Advanced Research Projects Agency

(ARPA or DARPA) in February 1958 to regain a technological lead. o The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. o It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. o The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much distinction.

Uses of Internet
o Shopping
o Communication o Job Search

o Research
o Studies

How Does Internet Work?

Names and locations

o The first thing your browser has to do is to establish a network

connection to the machine where the document lives. To do that, it first has to find the network location of the host. o The corresponding location is actually a number called an IP address o To do this, your browser queries a program called a name server.

The Domain Name System

o The whole network of programs and databases that cooperates to

translate hostnames to IP addresses is called DNS (Domain Name System). o A domain is a collection of machines that share a common name suffix. o Domains can live inside other domains. o Each domain is defined by an authoritative name server that knows the IP addresses of the other machines in the domain.

Packets and routers

o The command is made into a packet, a block of bits like a telegram that

is wrapped with three important things; the source address (the IP address of your machine), the destination address (152.19.254.81), and a service number or port number (80, in this case) that indicates that it's a World Wide Web request. o The router has a map of the Internet in its memory not always a complete one, but one that completely describes your network neighborhood and knows how to get to the routers for other neighborhoods on the Internet.

TCP and IP
o The upper level, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), gives you

reliability o TCP/IP packets also contain a checksum to enable detection of data corrupted by bad links.

HTTP, an application protocol

Web browsers and servers speak an application protocol that runs on top of TCP/IP, using it simply as a way to pass strings of bytes back and forth. This protocol is called HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol).

Components of Internet

Browser
o A web browser or Internet browser is a software application for

retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. o Although browsers are primarily intended to access the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by Web servers in private networks or files in file systems. Some browsers can also be used to save information resources to file systems. o The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user.

Web Server
A web server is a computer program that delivers (serves) content, such as web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web. The term web server can also refer to the computer or virtual machine running the program.

Domain Name System

o The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system

built on a distributed database for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network o An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. o Internet domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses such as 208.77.188.166 (IPv4).

Web search engine

A web search engine is designed to search for information on the

World Wide Web and FTP servers. The search results are generally presented in a list of results and are often called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files

Application of Internet

Website
A website (also spelled Web site) is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL), often consisting of only the domain name, or the IP address, and the root path ('/') in an Internet Protocol-based network. A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network.

A Web Page>>>>>

Types of Websites
o o o o o o o o o o o o

Answer Site Attack Site Blog Celebrity website Community Site Corporate Site Dating Website Government website News site Education Site Personal Website Social Website

Blogare usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of Blogs

o

commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. o Most blogs are interactive, allowing visitors to leave comments and even message each other via widgets on the blogs and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites. o Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries.

Email
o Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a method of

exchanging digital messages across the Internet or other computer networks. o An email message consists of two components, the message header, and the message body, which is the email's content. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually additional information is added, such as a subject header field.

File Transfer Protocol FTP

o File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to

copy a file from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network, such as the Internet. o FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.

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