FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

It is a popular computing framework based on fuzzy set theory, fuzzy if then rules , and fuzzy reasoning.

3 components:
1. Rule Base: a selection of fuzzy rules 2. Database (or Dictionary): defines the MFs 3. Inference Engine: a reasoning mechanism which performs the inference procedure
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Cont..
It can take either fuzzy inputs or crisp inputs but the output it produces are always fuzzy sets.

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MODELS OF FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

Three types
Mamdani fuzzy model Sugeno fuzzy model Larsan fuzzy model

They differ in the consequences of their fuzzy rules and defuzzification methods

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MAMDANI FUZZY MODEL

Proposedd to control a steam engine and boiler combination Mamdani rule base can model the system using rules that have a high correctness.

Correctness-measure of how close our model is to the real one

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Cont..
Mamdani model is a crisp model of a system.
It can model a real system where the relation between the inputs and outputs are known. 2 common operators that we use are T-norm and T-conorm operators.
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MAMDANI RULE BASE

Can be broken down into 4 part
Fuzzification
Determining the output of each rule given its fuzzy antecedent. Aggregation defuzzification
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Fuzzification
Mamdani rule base models a crisp system,it has crisp inputs and outputs. Fuzzifier converts the crisp input into fuzzy variables.

The membership of each fuzzy input variable is evaluated for a given crisp input.
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EVALUATING THE RULES

Rules are evaluated based on the membership values. The rule base let the user to determine which type of operation to use like minimum , maximum, product If we use min for T-norm and T-conorm (implication )operators respectively and use max min for composition then the resulting fuzzy reasoning is as,
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max-min T-conorm/norm

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AGGREGATING THE RULES

The output of the rule base should be the maximum of the output of each rule. Can use any one of the operators defined on fuzzy sets like maximum , algebraic sum or min.

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DEFUZZIFICATION
a method to extract a representative crisp value from a fuzzy set. 5 methods
1. Centroid of area zCOA :

zCOA =Z A(z) z dz / Z A(z) dz

Most widely used strategy.

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Cont.

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Cont..
2.Bisector of area zBOA : It generates the value z0 which partitions the area into two area with same area. zBOA (z) dz = A zBOA A(z) dz 3.Mean of maximum zMOM :

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BOA

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CONT
Is the average of the maximizing z at which the MF reaches a maximum .
If A(z) has a single maximum at z=zthen ZMOM=z If A(z) reaches its maximum whenever z[zleft,zright] then ZMOM=(ZLEFT+ZRIGHT)/2.

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CONT.
4.SMALLEST OF MAXIMUM ZSOM
It is the minimum of Z of the maximizing .

5.LARGEST OF MAXIMUM ZSOM

ZSOM is the maximum z of the maximizing z ZSOM and LOM are not used as often as the other 3 defuzzification
methods.

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Example: Mamdanis Fuzzy Model

Single-input single-output Mamdani fuzzy model
If X is small then Y is small. If X is medium then Y is medium. If X is large then Y is large.
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
Its well suited to human input Rules are having high correctness

Disadvantage
Defuzzification requires a large amount of mathematical calculations.

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II.LARSEN MODEL
Product operator for a fuzzy implication Max-product operator for the composition

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Contd..
The output of Larsen model are also fuzzy sets. Need defuzzification methods to get final output.

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II.SUGENO FUZZY MODELS

Also known as the TSK fuzzy model
Introduced in 1984 by
T.Takagi M.Sugeno and K.T.Kang

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Motivation of TSK
To reduce the number of rules required by the Mamdani model.
For complex and high dimensional problems Develop a systematic approach to generate fuzzy rules from a given input-output data set. TSK model replaces the fuzzy set (then part) of mamdani rule with function(equation) of the input variables.

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TSK fuzzy rule

If x is A and y is B then z=f(x,y)
Where A and B are fuzzy sets in the antecedent ,and Z=f(x,y) is a crisp function in the consequences .
Usually f(x,y) is a polynomial in the input variables x and y.

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First order TSK fuzzy model

F(x,y) is a first order polynomial Example: a two-input one-output TSK
If x is Aj and y is Bk then z= px+qy+r The degree the input matches ith rule is typically computed using min operator: wi=min(Aj(x), Bk(y))

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Cont..
Each rule has a crisp output Overall output is obtained via weighted average (reduce computation time of defuzzification required in a Mamdani model) Z=i wi zi/ i wi to further reduce computation ,weighted sum may be used. i.e Z= i wi zi
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TSK fuzzy model

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example
Example: a single input TSK fuzzy model can be expressed as,

If X is small then Y = 0.1X + 6.4 If X is medium then Y = - 0.5X + 4 If X is large then Y = X 2.

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Example-2
Two-input single-output Sugeno fuzzy model
If X is small and Y is small If X is small and Y is large If X is large and Y is small If X is large and Y is large then then then then z=-x+y+1. z=-y+3. z=-x+3. z=x+y+2

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Zero order TSK

When f is a constant , we have a zero order TSK fuzzy model.

It has minimum computation time.

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summary
Overall output via either weighted average or weighted sum is always crisp. Without the time consuming defuzzification operation the TSK fuzzy model is by the far most popular candidate for sample-databased fuzzy modeling.

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Advantages
Computationally efficient Works well with linear techniques Has continuity of the output surface Well suited to mathematical analysis.

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Reference
Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing J.Jang,C.Sun and E.Mizutani, Prentice Hall 1997 System modelling using a Mamdani Rule BaseBryan Davis,University of Florida Fuzzy systems toolbox,M.Beale and H.Demuth.

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