Environmental & Public Health

Objectives

Identify the characteristics of an ecosystem. Describe the components of a healthy environment. Identify the consequences of overpopulation and pollution.

Ecosystems

Ecosystem: a system made of living things and their surroundings. Every living thing is apart of an ecosystem.
Lake + Fish + Parasites = Ecosystem Earth + People + Lake = Ecosystem

Ecosystems - Interactions

Living & Nonliving parts interact with each other.

Living things feed off of each other (next slide).

Ecosystems - Interactions

Ecosystems - Interactions

Ecosystems - Interactions

Living things take water/nutrients they need and return the materials needed by other living things.
EXAMPLE: You inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.

Ecosystems - Interactions

Nonliving materials interact as well.

Oxygen reacts chemically w/other elements to form new compounds. Carbon dioxide helps maintain temperature of our surroundings by trapping heat from the sun.

Ecosystems - Interdependency

All parts of ecosystem depend on each other.

If one aspect is damaged, the whole can suffer.

RESPOND: What would happen if half of the plants/trees died in the world?

Ecosystems - Interdependency
ANSWER: - Less oxygen & more carbon dioxide.
- You would have to adjust to less oxygen. - Extra carbon dioxide would make the climate warmer. - Chain reaction

Ecosystems Change & Homeostasis

Homeostasis: the tendency of any living thing to maintain a balance in its inner system.
Living things are able to adjust to changes in environment. EXAMPLE: cold shiver warm-up

Ecosystems Change & Homeostasis

Ecosystem Changes

Sun & Dark Rain & Dry Season Changes Etc

Elements of a Healthy Environment

Living things adjust (homeostasis)

But, there are limits Environment provides certain material and conditions that are essential for healthy existence of living things.

Elements - Water

Obviously, very important.

Body = 65%-75%, 80% of Your Brain

Think of all the water activities

Less is available then people realize.
97% of Earth is Water, Salt Water 2.5% of Fresh Water is Frozen in Polar Ice Cap 0.5% of Fresh Water is Available For Use NOTE: Emphasis on Conserving Water

RESPOND

What are some other elements provided by the environment necessary for life/health?

ANSWER

Air
Nutrients (food and minerals) Light Etc

Upsetting the Balance

Dehydration? Food Poisoning?

Homeostasis Off Balance Two Main Factors that Disturb: Overpopulation Pollution

Overpopulation
Overpopulation: the point at which the population of an area is so large that it can no longer be supported by available resources.

THINK ABOUT IT: Why is overpopulation becoming a greater concern in today's world?

Overpopulation
Life Expectancy: the average length of life a person is expected to live.
1900s 47 years 2007 78 years

Why? Better health care, cleaner living

conditions, medications, cures for certain diseases, technology, etc

Overpopulation
As life expectancy increases, so does the population!

Overpopulation

Growing at a rate of 255,000/day! (93 mill/year)

Increased #s = Increased Burden Poverty, starvation, space, etc. Nonrenewable Resources: cannot be replace once used (coal & oil) Renewable Resources: resources that can be replaced NOTE: both types of resources are being used at an alarming rate!

Assignment

Pg. 551 #1-#4

Environment & Public Health

Environmental Pollution

Objectives

Identify the main cause of environmental pollution. Describe the environmental consequences of air pollution. Identify health problems caused by various types of pollution.

Water Pollution

Need for water + water pollution = disaster.

Part of 0.5% of fresh water available for use is polluted. How is water polluted?

Water Pollution

What would life be like w/o water for drinking, bathing, cooking, washing clothes.
Many people suffer from lack of healthy water everyday. Entire populations of some countries suffer from life-threatening health problems caused by unhealthy water.

Water Pollution
Water Pollution Video Click Here (7:45)

Assignment
Find an article on the Willamette River (in Oregon) that discusses water pollution. The subject is up to you, but the focal point of the article must be about pollution or a result about pollution.
DUE THURSDAY

Air Pollution
Causes: - toxic gases - particles from automobiles - factories - power-generating plants,

Air Pollution

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) blames air pollution for at least 2,000 new cases of cancer each year.
Ozone Layer: completely surrounds the planet & protects from UV rays Ozone Layer is Depleting

Air Pollution
Air Pollution Click Here (2:35)

Chinas Air Pollution Click Here (2:54)

Air Pollution

Green House Effect: the trapping of heat from the sun by certain gases in the atmosphere called green house gases.
Carbon dioxide Water vapor Methane Ozone Others

Global Warming: long-term increase in temperature that is related to air pollution and green house effect.

Air Pollution - Global Warming

Arctic Caps
Smaller Thinner

What will result from the shrinking of Arctic Caps?

Air Pollution - Global Warming

Increased Sea Levels

Coastal Erosion Wildlife Homeless Santa

Land Pollution Space

Land Pollution: spoiling of land so that it is unfit to be inhabited by living things. Space: used for housing of people, prevents other purposes.

Land Pollution Solid Waste

Solid Waste: all materials that humans discard.

Metal Glass Plastic Paper Organic Miscellaneous

Land Pollution Solid Waste

150 Million Tons Each Year, 4 pounds per person/day

Open Dumps: waste left on the ground Smell, Rodents, Insects, Disease, Space Sanitary Landfills: waste covered with layer of soil for decomposition (prevention of disease, smell, rodents, etc.) Wasted Space

Land Pollution Solid Waste

Best Solution: Recycling, Reduce, Reuse

Turn to Figure 25-11 on page 549.

What percentage of solid waste can be reduced by recycling?

Land Pollution Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste: dangerous to the health of living things or that are harmful to the environment. Causes death, cancer, disease, unhealthy side-effects. Examples:
- Lead - Paint - Automobile Fluids - Batteries - Plastic Bags - Nuclear Waste - Mercury - Paint Removers - Pesticides - Herbicides - Balloons

Noise Pollution

Average amount of sound in environment doubles every 10 years.

What is contributing to sound pollution?

Noise Pollution

TV Radio Cars / Trucks Heavy Equipment Concerts Projector Air Conditioner Heater Airplanes / Helicopters

Noise Pollution

Negative Effects of Noise Pollution

Hearing Damage/Loss Stress Fatigue Irritability Anger Anxiety

Noise Pollution Decibel Scale

Decibel (dB): unit of sound loudness

Normal Conversation: Vacuum Cleaner: City Traffic: Jackhammer: Jet Engine at Close Range: Rocket Launch Site: Autzen Stadium vs. USC (Record) 58 dB 71 dB 81 dB 100 dB 150 dB 180 dB 127.2 dB

Assignment
Pg. 555 Review #1, #2, #4

Air Pollution - Global Warming

Show Video Cool It - Netflix Click Here 88 min TAKE NOTES

Unit II

Environment & Public Health

Public Health

Objectives

Define public-health.
Describe four public-health activities. Compare the public-health concerns of developed and developing countries.

Discover what major role public-health issues are in your community, and find out where to get help for a public-health.

Public Health

Public Health: the health of a community as a whole; the organized efforts of a community to promote the health and wellbeing of all its members.

Public Health

Problems cannot be solved by individuals alone.

Public/Community Effort.

Government/Privately sponsored activities.

Public Health Activities

Sanitation (1st community wide effort) - pure drinking water - sewage disposal & treatment systems - waste-disposal sites - clean working & living conditions

Specific Activities: collecting garbage, inspecting food prep/storage, etc.

Public Health Activities

Hygiene: Washing hands is the best way to prevent the spread of disease. Quarantine: separating the sick from the non sick (people, plants, animal, crops). Immunization & Antibiotic Treatments

Public Health Goals

Ultimate Goal: create an environment in which each member of a community can enjoy a healthy and productive life.
Specific Goals: Page 560-561

Public Health Agencies

Local/State Agencies
Public health activities usually carried out by local/state. Each state has a board of health.

Board makes laws/regulations that direct public health activities (example pg. 562).

Public Health Agencies

National Agencies
Primary: United States Department of Human Resources. Made up of 3 agencies.

Administration of Children and Families (ACF)

Administration of Aging (AOA)

Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)

OTHER AGENCIES: pg. 563

International Public Health

The United Nations (UN)

Alliance of 170 nations. Purpose of preserving world peace & human dignity.

Agencies Provided: United Nations Childrens

Fund, The Food and Agricultural Organization, The World Food Program, The World Health Organization.

The World Health Organization

THE WHO
Primary Health Organization of UN Created After WWII (deal w/devastation & Disease brought to Europe) Today's Goals: are worldwide prevention of disease and attaining level of health that permits people of the world to lead socially and economically productive lives. Also involved in fighting AIDS.

Private Organizations

International Red Cross

Goodwill industries of America Salvation Army

Assignment
Review Page 566 #1, #2, #3, #5

Due Tomorrow