Professional Documents
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OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION MAJOR AREAS ISSUES CURRENT & FUTURE POTENTIOL CONSTRAINTS DEPARTMENTS FISHERIES AND INTRODUCTION DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES CURRENT SCENARIO CHALLENGES SUGGESTIONS
SADIA AKRAM
MAIN FUNCTIONS OF
LIVESTOCK DEPARTMENTS
Technical services up to village level regarding disease control Providing training to rural farmer regarding modern technologies for establishment Providing modern technologies regarding increasing production Development measures to increase the efficiency of Agriculture sub-sector
LIVESTOCK DEPARTMENTS
Animal Quarantine Department (AQD):The department is responsible to regulate
the import, export and quarantine of animals and animal products in order to prevent the introduction or spread of diseases.
LIVESTOCK DEPARTMENTS
Livestock Wing (LW) :The Livestock
Division, (now Livestock Wing) was created in 1974 to organize the activities of livestock sector.
LIVESTOCK DEPARTMENTS
MINFAL:is mainly responsible for policy
formulation,economic coordination and planning in respect of food grain, agricultural & livestock.
Livestock
Between 1955 and 1996,population increased by Buffalo increased by 248%, cattle by 75%, sheep by 277%, goats by 530%, camels by 33% and poultry by 4255%.
Livestock
There are an estimated 20.7 million buffaloes, 17.9 million cattle, 30.5 million sheep, 47.6 million goats, 1.2 million camels and 380 million poultry. Annual production is 1.029 million tones of beef, 1.003 million of mutton, 385,000 of poultry meat and 20.95 million of milk, in addition to 5.915 billion eggs (Livestock Wing 1997).
poultr 56.62 y
Breeds Of Livestock
Two breeds of dairy buffaloes, the NiliRavi and Kundi 10 breeds of cattle: the Sahiwal and Red Sindhi dairy breeds, the dual-purpose Cholistani and Dhanni, and the draft breeds Thari, Dhajal, Baghdadi, Lohani, Rojhan and Konkrej. 31 breeds of sheep, the most important are Baltistani, Bibrik, Cholistani, Kachhi, Kajli, Lohi and Lati, or Salt Range.
Breeds Of Livestock
34 breeds of goat, of which the most important are Beetal, Dera Din Panah, Kamori, Nachi and Teddy. 15 breeds of camel, including both riverine and mountain types.
Research in Livestock
PARC had a technical committee on animal health and production The research areas for immediate attention are Breeding : selection and breeding models for the different livestock production systems Identification of special traits of different breeds and conservation of animal genetic resources
Research in Livestock
Nutrition :
Availability of feed in different production systems throughout the year Reproduction : Development of methods for accurate heat detection in buffaloes in smallholdings
Research in Livestock
Health :
working models for disease and monitoring
Reasons for failure of vaccination against disease Development of combined vaccines for large and small ruminants
Dairy science :
Methods for inducing milk ejection in buffaloes Milk preservation methods suitable for local conditions
Research in Livestock
Research is carried out by PARC at the federal level Livestock improvement will be possible only through investment in research and development Increased demand for livestock products
The lack of proven bulls and a good artificial insemination service have resulted in a large number of animals with low genetic potential. This is a major problem in setting up dairy and small ruminant development projects.
Estimated feed and fodder resources meet only 70% of the calculated feed requirements of the livestock population. Although sufficient in quantity, the quality of poultry feed is questionable. Infectious diseases and parasitesvaccination against infectious diseases ranges from 0.5% to 10% and the quality of available vaccines needs to be improved. The animal disease surveillance and monitoring system is poor and diagnostic facilities are inadequate.
POLICY CONSTRAINT
There is a lack of government investment. Total allocation for livestock in most of the five-year development plans has not exceeded 1% and is less than 8% of the agriculture sector allocation. Most livestock raised on smallholdings by poor, landless farmers, who are not organized and have no political voice. In many areas, keeping livestock is a matter of prestige rather than an economic activity. An unplanned marketing system with too many middlemen reduces producers profits. The mandates of research and development institutions lack clarity and are too broad in relation to available resources.
operations.
Rangelands are deteriorating because of unplanned and excessive grazing. There is no land tenure and
In the backdrop of a buoyant growth rate of 6.6 %, the contribution of the agro processing industry was a healthy 22.7% of total value added in the manufacturing sector; in terms of employment repository the agricultural sector contributes over 42% of the available workforce Apart from agricultural inputs like wheat, maize, cotton and sugarcane, products such as fruits, vegetables and dairy also play a vital role. Milk production, as per latest statistics stands at 31 million tones which translate to about 51% of the total value of the livestock sector. Pakistan also enjoys a place among the top ten citrus fruit producers in the world. Ranked fourth in worldwide sugarcane production and twelfth in
sugar production
Another sub-segment that shows tremendous potential is the beverage industry; currently there are about 170 units in operation around the country that produce water, syrups and squashes.
Major Pakistani exports comprise fresh fruits, vegetables and their preparations, fish and fish preparations, spices, nuts, confectionery, sugar and other sugar preparations while imports include tea, dairy products, confectionery, chocolates, cocoa, margarine and shortening, together making Pakistan an important market for technologies as well as products.
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Tobacco
Salt Dairy Product Maize Natural Honey Sugar Syrup /Glucose Tea Beverages
6,071
2,970 4,204 10,081 26 3,127 10,775 567
New Zealand: is heavily dependent on trade -particularly in agricultural products -to drive growth. Exports are equal to about 20% of GDP.
Exporting Commodities
Dairy, eggs, honey etc (HS 04), Meat (HS 02), Wood (HS 44), Machinery(HS 84), Edible Fruits & uts (HS 08), Fish & Seafood (HS 03), Special other projects (HS 98), Aluminium (HS 76), Electrical : Machinery (HS 85) and Albumins (HS 35).
Historically, New Zealand's economy was built on the farming sector, and its primary producers are among the world's best. Companies like Fonterra, the world's largest exporter of dairy products, have combined traditional strengths with modern technology and business practices.
Although there is a strong need in Pakistan for wool and mutton development, no serious efforts have so far been made in this regard because of resource constraints. The province of Sindh possesses 16 per cent of sheep population in the country which are kept mainly for their meat.
3) It is estimated that sheep have increased in numbers by more than 41 per cent during the period from 1986 to 1996. However, profitability has not increased due to lack of knowledge of breeding, management, nutrition, disease control measures, drenching against endo-parasitic and dipping against ecto- parasitic diseases. 4)The district Tharparkar is richest in sheep population, which possesses 40 per cent of the province's sheep population and is most suitable for sheep and wool development. Other such areas in the province are those of Nara area of Khairpur and Kohistan of Dadu.
In Sindh the present population is about 23.5 million sheep from which 6.12 million kg wool is obtained. It can be doubled by providing modern techniques such as: 1. Control of ectoparasites; 2. Shearing with modern electric machines; 3. Keeping quality wool separate from lower parts wool; 4. Storing and protecting wool from parasites; 5. Selling wool at a time when it fetches the highest price.
Livestock Baffloes Cattle Goats Sheep Camels Donkeys Horses Mules Total
1960-61 2002-03 Increase (million in numbers) 8.2 24.8 16.6 16.4 23.3 6.9 10.4 52.8 42.4 12.4 24.6 12.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.4 4.0 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 (1966-67) 49.6 130.8 81.2
ANALYSIS
there was significant increase in the population of livestock, especially goats, buffaloes, sheep and cattle in the given order. Although, there was increase in the population of camels and bovines, but this increase except that of donkeys was not significant .Because their population was below one million in 1960-61 and it remained below one million even after 43 years in 2002-03.
Increase in livestock products Livestock 1971-72 2002-03 Increase products (000 tons) Milk 7800.0 27611.0 20011.0 Beef 346.0 1060.0 714.0 Mutton 208.0 702.0 494.0 Poultry meet 14.0 372.0 358.0 Wool 22.1 39.7 17.6 Hair 2.9 19.9 17.0 Bones 152.0 348.0 196.0 Fat 45.8 129.7 83.9 Blood 14.2 44.0 29.8 (million numbers) Egg 583.0 7991.0 7408.0 Hides 4.3 8.2 3.9 Skins 16.4 40.3 23.9
Analysis
there was significant increase in livestock products such as milk ,beef ,mutton poultry meat and eggs etc .But inspite of significant increase in milk production mostly due to increase in the number of buffaloes ,cattle and milk breeds of goats and sheep ,the import of milk and milk bye-products increase from Rs226 million in 1978-79 to Rs770 million in 2002-03.
Reasons
This shows mismanagement that prevails in the sector as well as in case of crop sector suggesting that both these sectors of agriculture need attention of policy makers on top priority basis for immediate planning on sound economic parameters for attaining self sufficiency.
Policy makers and planners of livestock development should seriously consider to establish a national camel research institute in Thal, Cholistan, Thar and Chagai-Kharan based on technical and socio-economic parameters as has been done by India at Bikaner in their Rajisthan desert .
2) This project's activity will directly improve the condition of over 70%
of the population living in rural areas and will prove a vital policy instrument for poverty reduction in the country.
5.The Agribusiness Development & Diversification Project at a cost of Rs. 4066 million with ADB loan of Rs. 1860 million is being implemented by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock in consultation with all the four provinces and the special areas.
1) Dr. Muhammad E. Tusneem, Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) has said that strategic research could be undertaken only in an environment of science culture based on merit. 2) Addressing an audience of agriculture scientists and technical support officers at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) on Sept. 9, he called upon the scientists to keep pace with the challenges of 21st century and work hard towards achieving the goal of qualitative research. 3) The Chairman stressed on the urgent need to sharpen the research focus from conventional to high-tech, futuristic research. He desired doing away with the mundane conventional projects and said that research should be resource based and demand driven focusing on strategic and policy research.
Production and the processing they require to meet the demands of the global marketplace can have a significant impact on natural resources. The more land is needed for livestock
the more nutrients are taken from the soil, the more deforestation occurs, the more wildlife preserves are threatened and the more wasteland gas emissions are produced.
To be able to comply with stricter food-safety regulations, they need access to refrigeration, and facilities for food processing and storage. With the right tools, organization and training, and with adequate investment for long-term economic growth, poor livestock keepers will be in a better position to tackle the risks of globalization and seize its opportunities. Over the past 20 years, globalization has hit the worlds agricultural sector and opened up its markets to an unprecedented degree. .
Saira Ahmed
Definition
The occupation or industry of catching, processing and selling fish and shellfish; an area where fish or shellfish a rates
FISHERIES HISTORICALLY
Production
Imports
Exports
Total Supply
Percaputconsuptio n kg/year
430.5
0.0
118.6
311.9
2.2
177.1
0.0
0.0
Estimated employment (2001): Primary sector: Secondary sector: Gross value of fisheries output (at ex-vessel prices) (2001-02): Trade (2001-02): value of imports: Negligible 471 500, of which 287 000 inland fishermen and 184 000 marine fishermen 110 000 US$ 330.73 million
value of exports:
MISSION:
Improvement of Fish production by providing better technical services. VISION: To enhance fish production by increasing per acre yield of fish.
No:
Name of Activity
Achievement
2002-03 2
2003-04 3
2004-05 5
Construction farms
of
new
fish No
13
22
30
Area Developed
Acres
23
32
47
S.No
Name of Activity
Achievement
2002-03
1 Services rendered for stoking of 43 good quality fish seed (No of Farms
2003-04
68
2004-05
45
S.No
Name of Activity
Achievement
2002-03 2003-04 120 2004-05 65
Unit
23
The value of fish and fish product is about 0.8%of total GDP. Fishery sector provide employment to about 1% of Pakistan's labour force. Export of fish is about 5%of all export earnings
In 1986 government of Pakistan constituted NCA. NCA proposed a strategy for years 1988-2000. Aimed to improve the productivity of livestock and fisheries.
Strategy of this commission was to reach the sustainable yield of 60,000 tonnes
Current Scenario
71% from capture fisheries rest from aquaculture practices 38% of total is exported 80% export to the developed countries 74% used for direct human consumption For direct human consumption was fresh fish (a share of 53.7 percent), followed by frozen fish (25.7 percent), canned fish (11.0 percent)
CREDIT ALLOCATION
Receiving just 0.4 percent of the total this sector for fixed capital requirements like trawlers and other equipment. Bad infrastructure, Neglected sector Small opportunity considered Need to extend long-term credit to Bank.
Long-term data storage Data analyses to support management decisions at a range of spatial scales Data-sharing and collaborative analyses From commercial fisheries, to guide management.
Impact OF SEPTEMBER 11
$97 million against $109 million ,fall of 11% in 2001-2002 (AUP) $1.5 from $1.75 per kg 3.42 per cent more quantities but could not get desired earning 30-40 per cent decline in purchase orders India, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Thailand benefited Presence of Chloramphenicol in shrimps, sampled consignments. Pakistan Fish Inspection and Quality Control Act
CHALLENGES
Maintain hygienic condition Processing units, not operating or in very poor condition EU ,Quality Control Of SeaFood 16000 Fish Boats Capacity is only 10,000 tons Mechanized trawling for fish resources in deeper waters
2 million hectares of freshwater bodies Inland fisheries
SUGGESSIONS
Sufficient investments and market expansion Awareness Government should work as intermediary Credit Allocation Training and Guidance Value Added Goods Vessels up gradation Handling of fish onboard fishing vessels Upgraded Boats And Catching machinery.