INTRODUCTION

Objectives: 1. To trace the history and development of Botany as a science. 2. Develop appreciation of how plants and people affect each other. 3. Be able to group plants according to several categories.

Botany as a Science

f) Applied Botany which includes among others: 1. Agriculture/agronomy field crops 2. Horticulture art of growing plants 3. Forestry planting & tending forests 4. Pharmacognosy plant medicinal value 5. Bacteriology microscopic plants 6. Plant Pathology plant diseases

Historical Development of Botany

4th Century BC: Botany can be said to have originated with the first cultivation of crops Theophrastus, the Greek philosopher, - classification, morphology, and reproduction of plants - frequently referred to as the Father of Botany

Historical Development of Botany

17th Century Jan Baptiste van Helmont experiment on a potted willow Malpighi (Italy) and Grew (England) experiments on water movement thru the stems. Robert Hooke observed that cork bark consists of cells. John Ray divided plants into non-flowering and flowering types, and flowering plants into dicots and monocots

Historical Development of Botany

18th Century: Joseph Priestley first experiment on photosynthesis Jan Ingenhousz light is required for photosynthesis Matthias Schleiden proposed that all plant tissues consist of cells; Rudolf Virchow cells are derived from preexisting cells, Carolus Linnaeus plant classification

Historical Development of Botany

19th Century: Gregor Mendel experiment on garden peas Rudolph Jacob Camerarius sexual reproduction in plants. Hugo Marie de Vries follow up experiments on plant genetics, especially on plant gene mutations.

Historical Development of Botany

20th Century: Increasing research force extending the horizons of botanical knowledge at all levels of plant organization from molecules to global plant ecology. Botanical advances were closely associated with advances in physics and chemistry. Advent of new sciences such as molecular biology, and technology such as computers, electron microscopes in the 20th century increased experimental precision and vastly improved scientific instrumentation was opening up new knowledge in botanical studies.

Historical Development of Botany

21st Century: Studies about plants are now about role of plants as primary producers in the global cycling of life's basic ingredients: energy, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and ways that our plant stewardship can help address the global environmental issues of resource management, conservation, human food security, biologically invasive organisms, carbon sequestration, climate change, and sustainability.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANT STUDY

useful for its general educational value as well as for its practical applications. awareness of mans dependence upon plants for food, textiles, rubber dyes, lumber, medicines, oxygen and many other products increases mans appreciation of the activities of plants and of his place in nature. practical fields, such as forestry, pharmaceutics, agronomy, horticulture, plant breeding, soil conservation, and bacteriology, requires knowledge of the fundamental features of plant behavior.

Ways in Which Plant & People Affect Each Other

1. Biotechnology 2. Global warming 3. Desertification 4. Habitat Loss

KINDS OF PLANTS:
A. Familiar Categories: 1. Plants according to life span a. Annual plants b. Biennial plants c. Perennial plants 2. Plants according to habitat a. Aquatic plants b. Terrestrial plants c. Aerial plants

KINDS OF PLANTS:
3. Plants according to body structure a. Trees b. shrubs c. herbs d. vines 4. Plants according to water requirement a. Hydrophytes b. halophytes c. mesophytes d. xerophytes

KINDS OF PLANTS:
B. According to human consumption 1. Food Plants: a. Grains b. Legumes c. Root Crops d. Stem crops e. Leaves f. Forages

KINDS OF PLANTS:
2. Lumber plants 3. Fiber plants 4. Beverage plants 5. Spices 6. Medicinal plants

KINDS OF PLANTS:
C. According to Taxonomic Classification 1. Non-vascular plants 2. Vascular Plants a) non-seed plants b) seed plants

THEOPHRASTUS

ROBERT HOOKE

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN

GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL

FAMILIAR KINDS OF PLANTS

Trees, vines, legumes, aquatic plants, rootcrops, desert plants