Katrina Hurricane in New Orleans

Strategy and Lesson Learn

Puteri Muhassanah Megat Mohd Mentaha 2011413604 Norlia Md Sarib 2011853642 Elisa Marie Paul 2011264942

Presentation Outline
Introduction Case Study - Katrina Hurricane
- Impact - Strategy and Approaches (Before, during, after)
Anticipation Response Recovery Reduction

- Involvement actors

- Lesson learn Conclusion

Introduction
Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest and most destructive Atlantic hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. This costliest natural disaster, Is one of the five deadliest hurricane, and among the sixth strongest overall in the in the history of United state. At least 1,836 people died in the actual hurricane and in the subsequent floods, making it the deadliest U.S. hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane ; total property damage was estimated at $81 billion (2005 USD),nearly triple the damage wrought by Hurricane Andrew in 1992. Risk and disaster management is a process and involves a variety of measures taken before, during and after disasters (Mechler 2004, pg. 42) Risk management can and should be undertaken by various actors such as individuals, communities, governments or businesses should be cooperating together to solve and manage the pre, post and future management. This presentation will discussed the approaches taken by the actors not only in the government sector but also various actors in the society . Lastly, lesson learnt will also be discussed.

The word "hurricane" is derived from Hurican, the god of evil of the Carib people of the Caribbean. Hurican was himself inspired by the Mayan god Hurakan, who destroyed humans with great storms and floods. Hurricane Katrina was the sixth strongest hurricane ever recorded and the third strongest hurricane ever recorded to make landfall in the U.S. In New Orleans, the evacuation plan was particularly crucial because it is in the Storm Surge Zone, below sea level (up to six feet in some places). Its levees were only designed for a Category 3 and Katrina was forecast as a Category 4 featuring gusts topping 140 miles an hour (225 kilometers an hour).The storm surge from Katrina was 20-feet (six meters) high. The failure of the levees was due to system design flaws for the most part, combined with the lack of adequate maintenance. Apparently, the designers, builders and maintenance people did not devote enough time or attention to the levees in the region. An estimated 80% of New Orleans was under water, up to 20 feet deep in places.

More than one million Gulf Coast residents have been displaced and many of the refugees were living below the poverty line before the storm struck. The final death toll was at 1,836, primarily from Louisiana (1,577) and Mississippi (238). Its very difficult to determine the exact cause of the deaths but they were all caused either directly or indirectly by the Hurricane. Hurricane Katrina caused $75 billion in estimated physical damages, the most costly hurricane in history, but it is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion. About 90,000 square miles were affected by Katrina.Before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million nonfarm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans, but hundreds of thousands of local residents were left unemployed by the hurricane. More than 70 countries pledged monetary donations or other assistance. Kuwait made the largest single pledge of $500 million, but Qatar, India, China, Pakistan and Bangladesh made very large donations as well.

New Orleans
Location : Located in the southeastern part of Louisiana, south of Lake Pontchartrain and northeast of the Mississippi River.
Largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. Population : 343,829 in 2010 (reported by U.S. Census) Total area : 350.2 square miles (907 km2, 51.55% is land.

New Orleans

Site Plan of New Orleans

Climate : is humid -with short, generally mild winters and hot, humid summers.
Vertical cross-section of New Orleans

The City of New Orleans & the Mississippi River

HURRICANE KATRINA LEVEE BREACHES IN NEW ORLEANS

There are three breached floodwalls in New Orleans known as lavee--one in the 17th Street Canal and two in the London Avenue Canal Most of the New Orleans floodwall failures occurred when water up to 25 ft. Most New Orleans flood barriers are simple earthen embankments, or levees, supporting a wall of steel sheet piles, some of which are capped with reinforced concrete I-walls. Breaches occurred when storm surges poured over the walls, washing away, or scouring, interior soil foundations. This weakened their lateral stability. Swimming pools and other structures built too close to the barrier (lavee) may have compromised its integrity by compressing its foundation and resulted in structure failure. Pressure from the storm then caused collapse.

HURRICANE KATRINA LEVEE BREACHES IN NEW ORLEANS

The cross section of 17th Street Canal before the hurricane in New Orleans. The levee wall started to lean after the storm pass the city. Caused water to come in contact with a weak peat layer running under the sheet piling. Some combination of the water soaked peat and the outward pressure on the levee caused a 200+ ft section of the levee to be displaced laterally 45 feet .

Anticipation Before Katrina

Anticipation Citizens -activating civil defense plans (canceling classes , transforming schools and other public buildings into shelters) Response Private (National Guard, the City crew) -repair infrastructure following hurricanes. Citizens Recovery Private Reduction

prompt restoration of the citys economy and population and its urban infrastructurea return to the familiar.

Corps of Engineers embarked on a massive program to improve the regions internal drainage and thereby reduce flood risk from precipitation
Government the government mandated that all landowners build and maintain levees for riparian properties. A post-flood rule of thumb emerged to build levees 1 foot higher than their previous height. Hurricane prediction had improved Better Satellite tracking and weather models for greater forecast precision and National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to reduce the burden of disaster relief

Private (National Guard, the Coast Guard, the Red Cross) -Mass Media post warning -Railroad company staging track repair crews and shipping companies take safe anchorage to avoid storm. Government -Storm tracking and forecasting, monitoring Standardizes and provide warnings better informing. -For resident in secure structure, they were asked to board up window and stockpile water and food supply. -General guidance for coordination of disaster response efforts in New Orleans by 1949 in a local plan -Improved communication and other technologies enabled anticipation -disaster simulation exercise Local Authority Louisiana Military Department 1950, U.S. Department of Commerce 1959a, State Department of Emergency Preparedness

Government -Local, state, and federal officials coordinated a massive evacuation and a swift emergency response. -appropriated funds to expand and strengthen the regions levee system --considered flood insurance legislation Appropriations for the previously planned hurricane protection system set in motion the protracted construction of levees and other protective structures around the settled areas of southeast Louisiana National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1967

Private Corps of Engineers began improving levees around the urban core, they also built improved protection for adjacent suburban areas

Government -Following the tradition of publicly downplaying disaster, the mayor called for a publicity campaign to tour the citys prompt recovery after Betsy in 1965 Local Authority Louisiana Military Department 1950, U.S. Department of Commerce 1959a, State Department of Emergency Preparedness

New Orleans qualified to participate and revamped its building codes to call for higher floor elevations

DURING AND AFTER KATRINA Anticipation

National Hurricane CenterIssued a 32-hours advance warning of landfall . Governor of Louisiana Requested declaration of emergency from President Bush on August 27.

Response
New Orleans Mayor Opened the Superdome as the refuge of last resort. Coast Guard Began helicopter evacuations and plucked thousands of people from rooftops in the flooded zones as soon as the winds subsided to safe levels.

Recovery
New Orleans Mayor Focused on restoring basic infrastructure and the economy. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Released infrastructure funds to the state.

Reduction
Board of Engineers Improvement of Lavee protection system. State Government of Louisiana Adoptation of the International Building Codes to ensure that new and rebuilt structures are more hurricane resistant.

Planners Assist in the planning process to transfer the residents. Red Cross Society Supply back-up source emergency rations.

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheriesassist with rescue.

New Orleans state Gov Created the Road Home program (Fund).

Private sector (Retail Giant Wal-Mart)Distribute aid to Katrinas victims

The Federal Housing Administration Increase public and affordable housing projects.