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PRESENTED BY GROUP 3
Types of Reliability
Internal consistency correlations amongst multiple items in a factor e.g., Cronbachs Alpha (a) Test-retest reliability correlation between time 1 & time 2 e.g., Product-moment correlation (r)
Factor Analysis
Data reduction tool Removes redundancy or duplication from a set of correlated variables Represents correlated variables with a smaller set of derived variables. Factors are formed that are relatively independent of one another. Two types of variables: latent variables: factors observed variables
2. Screening of Variables:
identifies groupings to allow us to select one variable to represent many useful in regression (recall collinearity)
3. Summary:
Allows us to describe many variables using a few factors
4. Clustering of objects:
Helps us to put objects (people) into categories depending on their factor scores
One of the primary goals of factor analysis is often to identify a measurement model for a latent variable
This includes identifying the items to include in the model identifying how many factors there are in the latent variable identifying which items are associated with which factors
Standard Result
Variable | Factor1 Factor2 | -------------+--------------------+ notenjoy | -0.3118 0.5870 | notmiss | -0.3498 0.6155 | desireexceed | -0.1919 0.8381 | personalpe~m | -0.2269 0.7345 | importants~l | 0.5682 -0.1748 | groupunited | 0.8184 -0.1212 | responsibi~y | 0.9233 -0.1968 | interact | 0.6238 -0.2227 | problemshelp | 0.8817 -0.2060 | notdiscuss | -0.0308 0.4165 | workharder | -0.1872 0.5647 | -----------------------------------
How to interpret?
We were able to derive two factors from the 11 items. The first factor is defined as teamwork. The second factor is defined as personal competitive nature . These two factors describe 72% of the variance among the items
Variable | Factor1 Factor2 | -------------+--------------------+ notenjoy | -0.3118 0.5870 | notmiss | -0.3498 0.6155 | desireexceed | -0.1919 0.8381 | personalpe~m | -0.2269 0.7345 | importants~l | 0.5682 -0.1748 | groupunited | 0.8184 -0.1212 | responsibi~y | 0.9233 -0.1968 | interact | 0.6238 -0.2227 | problemshelp | 0.8817 -0.2060 | notdiscuss | -0.0308 0.4165 | workharder | -0.1872 0.5647 |
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HYPERLINK EXCEL
HYPERLINK
HYPERLINK SPS
For a basic realibility check, just tick 'Scale if item deleted' and 'correlations'
Click OK
8 Factor Analysis
Instrument
Psychological testing
Step 1:
Designing draft instrument 330 ite33333 330 items (school, social, family and
leisure activities)
Step 2:
Validating draft instrument
Item validation by
Step 3:
Pilot study
Step 4:
1st survey: Test-retest Sample size: 54 students Time interval: 4 weeks Reliability coefficient: 0.67 33 items were further discarded with item-total correlation < 0.4 Remaining 231 items Reliability coefficient: 0.72
Step 5:
2nd survey: Identifying personal attributes
Step 6:
3rd survey: Verification of 8 attributes
Sample size: 764 students Factor analysis Same 8 attributes identified 132 items retained
Step 7:
Determining minimum desirability ratings
Step 8:
Developing the Online MAPP
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