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Content
Trends
Source: UN Habitat
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Source: UN Habitat
Annual MSW generation world scenario Asia: high increase rate EU USA Latin American countries (LAC) South Africa
Source: UN Habitat
Source: http://www.cee.mtu.edu/peacecorps
Possibility of WtE Plants in Developing and underdeveloped countries Technical Perspective Economic Perspective Environmental Perspective
Possibility of WtE Plants in Developing and underdeveloped countries Technical Perspective Incinerator systems Stoker grate system Fluidized bed system
Technical Perspective
Stoker Grate system
Technical Perspective
Stoker Grate system used in china
Technical Perspective
Fluidized bed system
Economic Perspective
Investment cost
Financing options
Government budget Foreign aid and investment Public Private Partnership
Economic Perspective
Income from Clean Development Mechanism
Most of the developing countries are not strict to the emission limits from waste incineration plants facilitating National & International investment.
Environmental Perspective
WTE plants conserve fossil fuels. One ton of MSW combusted reduces oil use by one barrel (i.e., 35gallons) or 0.25 tons of coal.
It has been estimated that one ton of MSW combusted rather than land-filled reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 1.5 tons of CO2.
WTE plants do not have the aqueous emissions that may be experienced in landfills, either now or in the distant future. WTE plants reduce the space required for land-filling by about 90% thereby reducing the emission of methane (20 times more harmful than CO2).
Using the ash from MSW incinerators for environmentally appropriate construction not only provides a low cost aggregate but further reduces the need for landll capacity
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30% by 2030
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Conclusion
Large content of organic waste is the major obstacle for WtE plants in Developing and under developed countries Large population resulting in large waste generation Increasing trend of per capita income, resulting to increase in consumption and increased waste generation. CDM may become a vehicle to promote it as a sustainable activity Lower cost of unit energy production [4-5 cents/KWh] as compared to developed countries. Flexible governmental policies and subsidies Contribution to reducing GHGs and climate change Subsequent decrease in landfill area by 90% Limited availability of Landfill areas, resulted due to Urbanization A municipality can save 10-15% of Annual Budget on solid waste Management.
References:
http://www.waste-management-world.com/index/display/article-display/7352338749 http://www.cee.mtu.edu/sustainable_engineering/resources/technical/Waste_reduction_and _incineration_FINAL.pdf http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/urbanenvironment/resources/references/pdfs/Decision Makers.pdf http://www.waste-management-world.com/index/display/article-display/045949223 www.waste-management-world.com/index/display/article-display.articles.wastemanagement-world.waste-to-energy.2011.09.Waste-to-energy-could-process-40-of-Beijingswaste.QP129867.dcmp=rss.page=1.html
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/spc/Waste&ClimateChange/Waste&ClimateChange.p df
http://india.indymedia.org/en/2005/01/210029.shtml http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/spc/solid_waste_management/Vol_I/19Chapter13.pdf http://wppenergy.com/faq.htm#top8
References:
[august 2011] /COLLECTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE/Key issues for Decisionmakers in Developing Countries-by un-Habitat SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE WORLDS CITIES /WATER AND SANITATION IN THE WORLDS CITIES 2010/United Nations Human Settlements Program 2010/Collection of Municipal Solid Waste in Developing Countries/UN-Habitat Waste to Energy/The Worldwide Market for Waste Incineration Plants 2011/2012 Cologne / Oberhausen, May 2011 DEVELOPING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN/Volume 1: Waste Characterization and Quantification with Projections for Future/2009 POSITION PAPER ON THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN INDIA/November 2009/Department of Economic Affairs/Ministry of Finance/Government of India Urban Solid Waste Management: Waste Reduction in Developing Nations/Written April 2003 for the requirements of CE 5993/Field Engineering in the Developing World by Olar Zerbock/M.S. Candidate WASTE TO ENERGY: A POSSIBILITY FOR PUERTORICO/M ay 2007
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