TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

For Generating Electricity We Require; Coil. Magnet. Relative motion between the two.

NNNNNNNNSSSSSSSSSSSSS NNNNNNNSNSSSSSSSSSSS NNNNNNNSS NN NN

1 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

Other way to have relative motion is by rotation of magnet. S N

S N
N S

N S

2 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

Bicycle Dynamo
Simplest & most basic form of alternator is bicycle dynamo. Principle Rotor is a Two Pole Permanent Magnet. Voltage Speed. Voltage Strength of the magnet. (Can not be adjusted).

3 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

Brush System
Permanent magnet used earlier can be Principle replaced by an electromagnet. Output voltage can be atjusted at the same speed by changing DC supply. Disadvantages Two Carbon brushes are required to be used.

4 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

Brushless Separate excitation System
In order to avoid use of brushes we have to use a small alternator named Exciter. Principle Main Field, Rotating Rectifiers & Exciter Armature are mounted on the same shaft. Excitation supply comes from battery to exciter field instead of main field. In this case the DC power required for excitation is much lesser. Disadvantages This is an open loop system & input to exciter does not vary for variation in output voltage.
5 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

Self Excited & Regulated Shunt System In order to give correction in the exciter input according to the voltage output we have to use AVR. Principle
Different Types of AVRs are being used in DG sets. The one that is being used currently is Basler

6 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING Short Circuit Main Main Back Up CTs Field Armature Surge Supressor

WIN-S Rotating Rectifiers

Rotor

AVR Exciter Field

Exciter Armature

7 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING Booster Unit

WIN-S

AVR

End
8 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Basic Theory

Main Field
S

AC
TS-E/TRG/2000

Back

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Separate Excitation Brush System

Main Field Slip Rings

TS-E/TRG/2000

AC DC

Back

10

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Separate Excitation Brushless System

Rotating Rectifiers Exciter
N Main Field

TS-E/TRG/2000

AC DC

Back

11

TRAINING

WIN-S

Alternator Self Excitation Brushless System Rotating

N Main Field

Exciter

Rectifiers

TS-E/TRG/2000

AC DC

Back

12

TRAINING Phase Terminals

WIN-S

Neutral TerminalsSCM CTS

TS-E/TRG/2000

AC DC

Back

13