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Definition: Glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen
+
Amount of protein
albumin globulins 1
2
Mobility
Immunoglobulin
Element of adaptive immune mechanism Better known as antibody It recognize the foreign objects
IgG - Gamma heavy chains IgM - Mu heavy chains IgA - Alpha heavy chains IgD - Delta heavy chains IgE - Epsilon heavy chains
Heavy chain Five Basic Sequence Patterns ,, , , IgA, IgG, IgD, IgE and IgM
Light chain Each class can have either or light chains
Immunoglobulin Structure
Disulfide bond
Carbohydrate
CL VL CH1 VH CH2
Hinge Region
CH3
Heavy chains
Light chain
Fab
S S S S
3 Fragments 2 identical Fab and 1 Fc Fab Because Fragment That is Antigen Binding Fc Because Found To Crystallize In Cold Storage F(ab`)2 No Fc Recovery, Digested Entirely
Pepsin Digestion
Fab
Papai n
Fc Effector functions
Structure of immunoglobulin
The fragment antigen binding (Fab fragment) The fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) Antibodies bind to antigens by reversible, noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds and charge interactions
Elbow
Hinge Region
Rich in proline residues (flexible) Hinge found in IgG, IgA and IgD IgM and IgE lack hinge region Proline residues are target for proteolytic digestion (papain and pepsin) They instead have extra CH4 Domain
IgE IgM
CH2
IgG - Gamma heavy chains IgM - Mu heavy chains IgA - Alpha heavy chains IgD - Delta heavy chains IgE - Epsilon heavy chains
IgM
5-10% of serum immunoglobulin 1.5mg/mL MonomericIgM (also IgD) expressed on B-cells as BCR Pentameric version is secreted First Ig of primary immune response High valence Ig (10 theoretical), 5 empirical More efficient than IgG in complement activation
Development of B cell
Complement Activation
IgG
Most abundant immunoglobin 80% of serum Ig ~10mg/mL IgG1,2,3,4 (decreasing serum concentration) IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 cross placenta IgG3 Most effective complement activator IgG1 and IgG3 High affinity for FcR on phagocytic cells, good for opsonization
Opsonization
Complement Activation
IgG subclass
IgA
5-15 g of IgA released in secretions!!!! Serum mainly monomeric, dimeric polymers possible not common though Secretions, as dimer plus secretory component
Origin of sIgA:
The SP is a polypeptide synthesized by epithelial cells that provides for IgA passage to the mucosal surface. It also protests IgA from being degraded in the intestinal tract.
S S S S
s s
S S S S
Epithelial cell
S S
J ss
S S
S S
S S
Polymeric Ig receptors are expressed on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells to capture IgA produced in the mucosa
S S S S S S
Stalk of the pIgR is degraded to release IgA containing part of the pIgR - the secretory component
ss J S S S S S S S S ss J S S S S
IgE
Very low serum concentration, 0.3g/mL Participate in immediate hypersensitivities reations. Ex. Asthma, anaphylaxis, hives
Binds Mast Cells and Blood Basophils thru FcR Binding causes degranulation (Histamine Release)
IgD
IgM and IgD, Expressed on B-cell Surface No known function Low serum concentrations, ~30g/mL
Development of B cell
0.5 - 10
0.05- 3
1.5
0.0005
0.03
21 +
7 -
7 ++
2 -
2 -