DRYER

Mary Grace Paler Jeoffrey G. Garillo Mark Anthony Valenzuela

Drying is the process of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer. It is the removal of excess moisture from the grains. Once dried, the rice grain now called rough rice, is ready for processing. Proper drying results in increased storage life of the grains, prevention of inferior in quality, reduction of biological respiration that leads to quality loss of grains, and optimum milling recovery.

Drying of grain involves exposing grain to air with low relative humidity (RH) which will lead to evaporation of the moisture in the grain and then the moistures removal away from the grain.
In our country three methods are used for drying the paddy grains, namely: Sun drying Mechanical drying Chemical drying

SunDrying
Sun drying is a traditional method of drying the paddy grains. In fact, the major quantity of produce is being dried in the country by this method. Sun drying is the most economical method of drying grains. Grains are spread on drying surfaces such as concrete pavement, mats, plastic sheets and even on fields to dry naturally. Mechanical Drying Mechanical drying process means drying the grains by ventilating natural or heated air through the grain mass to get it evaporated the moisture from it. Mechanical dryers are more reliable since drying could be done anytime of the year. Chemical Drying Chemical drying method involves the spraying of common salt solution with specific gravity of 1.1 to 1.2. This treatment reduces the moisture content from 29% to 14.5% after four days.

PADDY DRYER

PROFILEE OF GREENMAC DRYER:

Facility Code Brand/Model Type Year acquired Acquisition Cost Location Rated capacity Drying Capacity Manufacturer Total kw Rating Burner/Fuel Fuel Consumption Mechanical Drier Greenmac (Recirculation) Recirculating 2000 P369,900.00 Aguso, Warehouse 2 6 tons holding Capacity 0.4TPH at 24% initial MC Korea Industrial Co./Emerald Machinery 3.7 kw Kerosene 4 liter/hr./heater

Circulation Time
Condition Status

1 hr 20 minutes average
Operational Utilized during drying/mixing/blending

PARTS OF THE PADDY DRYER:

1. Screw conveyor: is a mechanism that uses a rotating helical screw blade, called a "flighting", usually within a tube, to move liquid or granular materials. They are used in many bulk handling industries. Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally or at a slight incline as an efficient way to move semi-solid materials, including food waste, wood chips, aggregates, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat and bone meal, municipal solid waste, and many others.

2. Bucket elevator:
A bucket elevator, also called a grain leg, is a mechanism for hauling flowable bulk materials (most often grain or fertilizer) vertically. 3. Fuel Oil Burners: An fuel oil burner is a mechanical device that combines fuel oil with proper amounts of air before delivering the mixture to the point of ignition in a combustion chamber. It is essential for the efficiency of the combustion process that the oil/air mixture is well homogenized and with as few pure droplets of fuel oil as possible Type Ignition Oil consumption(1/H) fuel Tank capacity Spraying Auto ignition 16 Kerosene or diesel 200

Burner Fuel

4.Dust Collector:

A dust collector is a system used to enhance the quality of air released from industrial and commercial processes by collecting dust and other impurities from air or gas. Designed to handle high-volume dust loads, a dust collector system consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system, and a dust receptacle or dust removal system
5. Electric Motor: Units that motor attachment Fan Elevator Axial of lower screw conveyor Dust cleaner Divider Output(HP) 2 3/4 3/4 No. of poles 4 4 4

1/6
1/16

2
4

6. Control Panel:

Loading

Ventilation

Drying

Discharge

Stop

Time

Moisture(%) Temperature(%) Time Switch

14 13 12 16 17 15 1

2 3

Timer Operation Moisture Setting

5 Quality of Grains

Power fuse

Burner fuse

Divider motor fuse

Fuse

Fuse

Fuse

Power switch

Procedure and Performance on controller:

Operating stages Power Operating procedure Operating performance and indication

Starts power source

Power light is ON, temperature meter indicates the temperature of inside section, other signals are no action.
If no signals, it indicated normal. Prepare loading, finish the load operating circuit. Elevator, dust cleaner and Screw conveyor begin to operate. If the grains are over-load, the over-load detector have the function to indicate the alarm signal. The over-load ligth is ON. All operation are stop. Elevator , dust cleaner, fan (suction), decelerating motor and other parts begin to operate.

Loading

Time switch turns to rigth side. Operating turns to "loading" position. Full load switch turns to "ON". Push the green operating button

Circulating and Ventilating

Operating selection switch turns to "drying" position.Push the green operating button.

Circulating and Drying

Sets the desired drying Burner begins to ignite temperature on the automatically. As the drying temperature setting meter. temperature reaches the setting Timer knobs turns to the values. It will drop automatically. right to set the required time After finishing drying, drying system period. stop.

Discharging

Operating selection switch turns to "discharging" position.Push the green operating button. Pull the discharging cord. Push the red stopping button.

Prepare to discharge. Elevator, dust cleaner and decelerating motor and other parts are operating begin to bag.

MOISTURE CONTROL:
I: Moisture setting procedure: Set the requiring moisture content of grains on drying operation, as the measuring values of moisture content lower than or equal to the setting value, dryer will stop automatically. If the moisture setting does not function and operator choose the Time operating position, dryer does not stop automatically by the measuring value of moisture content. II: Auto moisture measurement: 1. From the beginning of drying to end, the moisture contents of grains are measured every 60 minutes. 2. As the measured value of grains is same or lower than setting value the dryer stop automatically. 3. The indication for LCD monitor. (Auto measurement of moisture content).

End of drying Moisture indication Moisture indication

15.0 00.0
Interacting indication

23.4

18.4

BURNER:
Utilization and maintenance of Burner: 1. From tank, keep the outlet of fuel and the center of the burner (fuel pump) be horizontal. 2. Release the upper screw of oil filter, discharge the oil filter completely and locked the screw tightly. 3. Release the upper screw of electro magnetic pump, discharge the air of interior of pump completely then locked screw tightly. 4. After the power is supplied, the generator and igniting transformer will operate and ignite the burner after 1.3 seconds. 5. The trouble shooting as the drying temperature can not be increased. a. Adjust the air valves at the side of fan (installed at the upper of the burner). b. Nozzle is blocked and then can not be ignited. c. Filter is blocked and then can not be ignited.

6. As the combustion is not completely, check the pressure of fuel pump to reach the required pressure of 8.5 kg/ cm2 or not.
7. Trouble shooting for the vibrating combustion. a. The water is different quality of oil is mixing in the burner. b. The position of flame-stable and igniting rod does not keep the optimum distance as the requirement of specification. c. Voltage is not large enough to misting performance is not good, then induce the vibrating combustion. d. Igniting transformer is aging so the spark is not strong enough to ignite the flame. e. Electronic rod is not clean. f. Block of nozzle or filter. g. Block of combusting pump. h. Block of electric magnetic valve.

8. Flame is unstable as combusting. a. Nozzle is block clean the nozzle. b. Voltage is too low-connect power circuit wire as specification. c. The width of air regular valve is too large. d. Fuel contains impurities.

9. Noise as fuel pump operating a. Air of fuel pump do not exhaust completely b. Leakage exited at the side of oil entrance then suck in the air. c. Fixed screw of pressure regular do not locked completely. 10. Can not be ignited after electric power supply a. Block of nozzle b. No fuels at tanks c. Valve of oil entrance do not open d. Motor of burner do not work e. Igniting rods contact with the flame piece, so it can not induce flame

TROBLESHOOTING FOR CONTROL PANEL:

ERROR Power ligth is off CAUSE No power ACTION Check power supply

Use the multimeter to check the non-welding switch, fuse Power sources phase problem Push the selection and terminal, to check the button, the LCD is power supply ON but the Connect of motor is loose or Check and connect it equipments are not connection is not good work Do not set the drying time. Reset the drying time Drying time is equal to zero Recheck the moisture Monitor indicates The actuel moisture of grains contentof grains by portable 000 and stop had reached the setting values moisture meter The overload cause the stop Monitor indicates 111 operation, discharge the Indicates the over-load and stop unnecessary grains and begin to dry again

Burner is error: 1. Oil supply is lose, no holes Refill fuel, check the holes at he open at the cover of oil tank, cover of oil tank, open the valve oil switch is close. of oil tank Clean the air in the tube, loose 2. air exit in the fuel tube the small screw on the the oil flow out Monitor indicates 001 3. Residue mix in the oil tank Clean the filter net in the oil and stop or filter tank and filter Connect the two wires of high temperature preventor, if the 4. The setting of high burner operates normally, then temperature preventer is not indicates the setting is not correct correct. Adjusting this preventoruntil the burner operate normally Air exist in the fuel tube and oil Exhaust the air within the tube filter Residuefire exist after stop combusting Carbon accumulate in the Clean it stove

1. Fuel pump is damage

Connect the power source of oil pump to 220V power source, if no action or the distance of fuel supply is not far enough, if indicates the pressure of pump is enough

Temperature can not increase

2. Nozzle is block

Replace it, clean it

3. The plate of side entrance is Close all the openig position of open drier

4. Check the pressure of oil pump

Burner produce a red flame, dust or noise (shock) open at the igniting

Install the pressure gage to check the pressure at the combustion stage

The open degree of suction adjusting vavle is not well

adjust it

Error in lower divider 1. The length of mouse tail Cut the length of mouse tail for limit switch of lower to the optimum length divider is too long 2. The caopacitor of motor is Replace the capcitor damage 3. The connector between limit switch and controller Connect the wire and fixed it is loose or broken(Damage by mouse) Monitor indicate 002 Open the cover of neating and stop operating 4. Foreign materials block section and inspect it, take the lower divider off the foreign materials if neccessary Connect the wires to 220V 5. Motor's wire is breaken source to check it or damage(caused by mice) performance, if the wire is breaken, connect it. 6.The gear in the geasr box Open the gear box, replaced is broken itif necessary 7. fuse is broken Replaced a new

Fan is damage

Monitor indicate 003 and stop

The junp of electric magnetic swict can not reset

Check the motor of fan Open the lower controller. Switch it at the rigth side, if the swicth can not be resetted, rest it by hand and check the connection of wire, replaced it if necessary

The lower conveyor or dust cleaner is disorder 1. The motor of lower conveyor or dust cleaner is damage Monitor indicate 2. Lower conveyor 004 and stop motor or dust cleaner is damage 3. Foreign materials block the lower conveyor

Replaced it

Replaced it
Clean

Error in elevator 1. Loading over Monitor indicates 005 and stop 2. Foreign materials block the upper conveyor axis 3. Transmission belts of elevator motor is loose 1. The fixed screw of bucket attached conveying belts is release or loss 2. Release of the conveying belt of elevator

Discharge the unnecessary grains

Clean it

Adjusment

Noise exist at the operation of the elevator

Adjust and fit

Adjust

Measure the voltage between Wires of ambient air green and multimeter. IT thermister is broken Monitor indicate 006 should indicates near 1.6 ohm Connector between moisture and stop values at normal sensor and controller is poor temperature. If no signal, contact or disconnect replaced wires or repair it.

NEXT IS RICE MILL