Diabetes

Diabetes

Diabetes

Persistent high blood glucose levels

Type

1: Insulin-dependent Type 2: Non-insulin dependent

Risk factors for type 2 include: Age Obesity Familial history Lack of exercise, etc

Diabetes in the UAE

Diabetes is a major and complex health problem worldwide. Prevalence in UAE (24% & IGT18%) is the 2nd highest in the world Onset of the disease in the GCC is early in late 20s With early Dx and appropriate Mgt diabetics can live better and longer

Management of diabetes in the UAE

Current Diabetes management method
200

150

Frequency

100

50

0 None Diet only Tablets only Insulin only Diet & Tablets Diet & Insulin Diet, tablets & Insulin Unknown Others

Current Diabetes management method

Diabetes

DIABETES-prevalent in the U. S.
Chronic & one of the top 10 killers A precursor to other diseases Research has linked it to being familial A thorough assessment may lend these findings:

Weight = obesity, linked to Type 2, wt. > 120% of norm or BMI Weight = underwt, linked to Type 1, wt. < 90% of norm or BMI

Diabetes

Influencing factors to this disease

Heredity can be determined based on 1st degree relatives, babies born weighing > 9 lbs., people of color &/or obesity Stress--> increase cortisol & glucose levels Illness Diet Weight (over or underweight) Some medications (ex. steroid induced)

Diabetes

Blood glucose is regulated by hormones [insulin & glucagon] Various CHO foods produce a greater rise and fall in serum glucose than others. Healthy individuals will have no problems self-regulating their blood glucose levels

The body will use what it needs for energy, while excess is stored as fat, if not used by the muscles and liver

Diabetes

Diabetes- Treatment

TREATMENT for diabetes centers around diet & exercise

Diabetic care is a collaborative effort that incorporates multidisciplinary teams of professionals: Physicians Dietitians Nurses Podiatrist Optometrist Ophthalmologist Surgeons These teams must remember to include family &/or significant others

Diabetes- Activity
Activity - Increased exercise {20-30 minutes/day} reduces glucose levels, thus decreasing insulin requirements. Check glucose before & after. Snacks will be probably be necessary.

Diabetes- Diet Recommendations

Diet - low-to moderate intake of complex CHO is best for stabilizing glucose levels

Based on the American Diabetic Associations [ADA] recommendations

Spread intake out evenly throughout the day; 4-5 hours between meals When indicated, simple sugars may aid in hypoglycemic episodes {ex. Sucrose}

Diabetes- Diet Recommendations

Increase fluids especially H2O {avoid Caffeine & Sodium}

Limit or avoid alcohol

Do

not consume alcohol without eating, especially while taking anti-diabetic meds evidence of increase need for diabetic patients

Vitamins and Minerals

No

Bedtime snacks may be added to keep glucose levels stable throughout the night