Chapter 7

Database Systems

Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off the ringer.

Basic Data Management Concepts Organizing Data in a Database Database Management Systems Using Database Systems in Organizations Database Trends Managing Databases

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The Value of Databases

Databases are a key ingredient of todays most popular Internet services, and the backbone of our information-driven economy.

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Basic Data Management Concepts

Key Terms DBMS Field Record File Primary Key

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Database Management System (DBMS)

Front End

A DBMS consists of a group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user or the database and application programs.

Back End

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Database
A collection of data organized to meet users needs. File or Table

Field

Record

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Database Fields
Fields are set to hold specific types of data.

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Database Hierarchy

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Keys and Primary Key

Key: A field in a record that is used to identify the record Primary key: A field that uniquely identifies a record A primary key field prevents duplicate records from occurring in a table.
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Primary Keys

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Simple but Restrictive DBMS

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The Database Approach to Data Management

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Organizing Data in a Database

Key Terms Relational Model Data Analysis

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The Relational Model

In a relational database, tables are linked (related) through common fields.

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Relation Types
One-to-many One-to-one Many-to-many
Most typical Makes use of primary key

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Data Analysis
Data analysis is a process that involves evaluating data to identify problems with the content of a database.
Consider what would happen if CardNumber were not a primary key, and two or more customers had the same CardNumber.

Data Integrity refers to the accuracy of the data in a database.

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Database Management Systems

Key Terms Data Integrity GIGO Schema Data Dictionary SQL

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Database Types
Flat File Single User Multiuser General-Purpose Special-Purpose Open-Source

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Single User
Only one person can use the database at any time.

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Multiuser
The U.S. federal government has developed a Web-based DBMS that provides access to 100,000 federal data sources to U.S. citizens.

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General & Special Purpose

General purpose can be used for large number of applications. Oracle is currently the market leader. Special purpose is designed for one purpose or a limited number of applications.

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Open-Source Database Systems

Open source DBMS offer the same advantages as all open-source software: there is strong community support, they are completely customizable, and they are free.
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Database Tables
Database tables can contain a few or millions of records and fields.

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Input and Output Interface Designs

Designing effective interfaces is a convenient and powerful database design feature in most database management systems.

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Data Accuracy and Integrity

Data accuracy means that data stored in the database is accurate and up to date.
GIGO, or Garbage In Garbage Out, refers to the fact that inaccurate data entered in a database will result in inaccurate information produced from the database.

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Creating a Database
A data dictionary provides a detailed description of all data used in the database.

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Using Database Systems in Organizations

Key Terms Data Warehouse Data Mining

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Information and Decision Support

Database systems are a valuable tool for producing information that supports decision making for people and organizations.

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Data Stores
Data Warehouse: A database that holds important information from a variety of sources. Data Mart: A small data warehouse, often developed for a specific person or purpose. Data Mining: the process of extracting information from a data warehouse.
Connecting the dots

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Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence is the use of data mining to help increase efficiency, reduce costs, or increase profits.

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Database Trends
Key Terms Distributed Database

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Databases and the Internet

A number of trends in the development and use of databases and database management systems will meet these changing needs.

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Distributed Database
With a distributed database, also called a virtualized database, the actual data may be spread across several databases at different locations.

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Database Systems, the Internet and Networks

This online shopping site uses the Web as the front end to a database of thousands of products and reviews. The back-end database is invisible and behind the scenes.
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Managing Databases
Key Terms Database Administrator

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Database Administrator
A database administrator (DBA) is a skilled and trained computer professional who directs all activities related to an organizations database, including providing security from intruders.

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Chapter 7 Questions?

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