IUCN CRITERION FOR THREATENED SPECIES , WL(P)A & CITES CATEGORIZATION

Presented by: Rajan kumar FRM MA2-01

Introduction

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) founded in 1948

IUCN red list/red book was established in 1963 world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species set upon precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk

EXTINCT(EX)

When last individual is reported to die after exhaustive survey. Only reported to survive in cultivation / captivity / naturalized population Not qualified in threatened category but can be in near future

EXTINCT IN WILD(EW)

NEAR THREATENED(NT)

LEAST CONCERN(LC)

Do not qualify for CR, EN, VU, NT

Enough data not available to asses Not evaluated

DATA DEFICIENT(DD)

NOT EVALUATED(NE)

THREATENED

Critically endangered(CR) Endangered(EN)

Vulnerable(VU)

As per the criteria A to E of IUCN

CRITERIA
A. Declining population (past, present and/or projected)

B. Geographic range size, and fragmentation, decline or fluctuations

C. Small population size and fragmentation, decline, or fluctuations D. Very small population or very restricted distribution E. Quantitative analysis of extinction risk (e.g., Population Viability Analysis)

A. Declining population (past, present and/or projected)

Population reduction measured over the longer of 10 years or 3 generations

criteria A1 A2, A3, A4 CR 90% 80% EN 70% 50% VU 50% 30%

A1
Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of the reduction are clearly reversible & understood & have ceased, based on and specifying any of the following: (a) direct observation (b) an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon (c) a decline in area of occupancy (AOO), extent of occurrence (EOO) and/or habitat quality (d) actual or potential levels of exploitation (e) effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.

A2, A3 & A4
A2. Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of reduction may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible, based on (a) to (e) under A1.
A3. Population reduction projected or suspected to be met in the future based on (b) to (e) under A1. A4. An observed, estimated, inferred, projected or suspected population reduction where the time period must include both the past and the future, and where the causes of reduction may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible, based on (a) to (e) under A1.

B. Geographic range in the form of either B1 (EOO) OR B2 (AOO)

criteria

CR

EN

VU

B1(EOO)

<100sq.km

<5000 sq.km <20000sq.km

B2(AOO)

<10sq.km

<500sq.km

<2000sq.km

And atleast two of the following...........

(1) severely fragmented/no of location

= 1 (CR) 5 (EN) 10 (VU)

(2)continuing decline in any of -(a) EOO (b)AOO (c)area, extent and/or quality of habitat (d) subpopulations (e) number of mature individuals (3) extremes fluctuations in any of -(a) EOO (b)AOO (c)area, extent and/or quality of habitat (d) subpopulations (e) number of mature individuals

C. Small population size and decline

criteria

CR

EN

VU

NO. of mature individuals

<250

<2500

<10000

Either C1 or C2
Continuing decline ,C1 25% in 3 yrs/1 gen 20% in 5 yrs./2 gen 10% in 10 yrs/3 gen

C2: A continuing decline & (a) or(b) (a1) no. of mature individuals in each subpopulation

< 50(CR)
< 250 (EN) <1000 (VU) 90-100%

(a2)% population in one subpopulation

95-100%
100%

(b) extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals

D. Very small or restricted population

critera

CR

EN

VU

No. of mature individuals

<50

<250

D1. <1000 D2. <AOO<20 sq.km

E.Quantitative analysis

critera

CR

EN
20% in 20 yrs./5gen

VU

Probablity of 50% in 10 yrs./3 extinction in wild gen

10%in 100 yrs

Some salient features of criteria

Taxon need to fulfill only one criteria to get listed

Taxon should be screened for all criteria Only the criteria for the highest category of threat that the taxon qualifies for should be listed criteria for each of the categories of threat are based on quantitative thresholds Still inference and projection into the assessment process is applicaple

contd.................

Symptom based than cause based

Most animals liated under criteria A-D as

E requires more data & analysis

A-D precautionary

More chance of miss/error in A-D

Tranfer between categories

From high to low only if criteria not filled till 5 yrs.

In reintroduction 5 yrs/viable progeny

Due to error in assesment-without delay From lower to higher-without delay

Category for reason of transfer

Genuine(recent)
Genuine(since first assesment)

Criteria revision
Knowledge Taxonomy-newly split/newly described Mistake others

WL(P)A-1972
For protection to wild life

Implementing CITES in india

Delineates utilzation pattern of wild life Categorized wild life in six schedues

Schedule 1

Have threatened fauna Under strict protection No harvesting/trade in live form or trophy of organism Only killling ans harvesting in good will as per direction of chief warden Corresponding to appendix 1 of CITES

Schedule 2

Contains likely to get threatened sps. If not protected(part 2 of schedule 2) Harvesting /trade prohibited Also called as main game species(part 1 of schedule 1) Corresponding to appendex 2 of CITES harvesting/killing in goodwill is pemitted as instructed by chief warden

Schedule 3 & 4

Relativey less protected than 1 & 2 Harvesting through licensing in limited quantity is allowed

Schedule 5

Called as vermin
Harvesting and trade in permissible

Schedule 6

Contains flora Flora in different appendix of CITES Not allowed to cultivate and plant Varioud degree of protection as directed by notification or chief warden

CITES

Adopted in 1963 Comes into force in 1975

Gives various degree of protection to 34000 sps.

Multilateral treaty Have 3 appendix

Appendix 1 include species threatened with extinction trade is subjected to strict regulation only authorized in exceptional circumstances Appendix 2

not necessarily now threatened with extinction may become if trade is not strictly regulated Also contains look-alike species, which are controlled because of their similarity in appearance to the other regulated

Appendix 3

contains species that are subject to regulation within the jurisdiction of a Party for which the cooperation of other Parties is needed to prevent or restrict their exploitation

THANK U