Electronic Warfare Counter-measures

Naval Weapons Systems

EW Intro

EW is a component of Command & Control Warfare (C2W) C2W: Military strategy which implements Information Warfare (IW). C2W includes integrated use of OPSEC, military deception, PSYOPS, EW, and physical destruction. (discussed more in C4I Lesson)

Increasing Importance of EW:

Increased reliance on radar OTH targeting Increased use of Communications Tactical Data Systems (TDS) Increased speed of missiles and weapons systems High-speed detection and tracking Active-homing or passive-homing long-range missiles give little warning

Three Components of EW

Electronic Support (ES) *ESM Electronic Attack (EA) *ECM Electronic Protection (EP)

*ECCM

Electronic Support (ES)

Surveillance of EM spectrum

Immediate threat recognition Threat avoidance Homing and targeting.

Electronic Intelligence (ELINT): Info derived from foreign non-communications EM information, particularly radar. Communications Intelligence (COMINT): Info derived from foreign communications. Advantages/limitations of passive EW.

Passive EW

ES Subdivisions: Threat Warning and Avoidance Direction Finding Target Homing and Tracking

ES Receiver Design Requirements

Wide spectrum surveillance Wide dynamic range Unwanted signal rejection Angle-of-Arrival measurement Signal Analysis capability Display Recording System

Electronic Attack (EA) Use of EM or directed energy to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment. Active and Passive EW

Non-Destructive EA

Confusion: Mask or hide real targets by cluttering the radar display.

Jamming

Noise Jamming Spot Jamming Barrage Jamming Sweep Jamming

Chaff Infrared flares (Torch)

Spot and Barrage Jamming

Rcvr BW

Power

Spot Jamming

Barrage Jamming

Frequency

Effective Jamming PW

Rcvd Signal Amp.

PRT

Ineffective Jamming

time

Non-Destructive EA (cont.)

Deception: Create a false image or changes the image on a radar display.

Repeaters: Create false echo by delaying rcvd radar signals & retransmitting at later time. Transponders: Create false signal by playing back a stored replica of the radar signal. Chaff Radar Decoys Blip Enhancers Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Modification

Self Screening

Example?????

Stand Off

Stand Forward

EA-6B Prowler!!!!!!!!!

Destructive EA

Anti-Radiation Missiles SLAM HARM Sidewinder Directed Energy

SLAM ER

Stand-off Land Attack Missile-Expanded Response

HARM

High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile

HARM Results

Portable Radar Site In Serbia

AIM-9 Sidewinder

Electronic Protection (EP)

The protection of friendly combat capability against undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employment EW. Passive and Active EW.

Electronic Protection (EP)

Three primary ways to defend ourselves from enemy EW

Modify our radar - make it more complex and harder to jam Modify the Medium - Chaff and Torch Modify the platform

EP: Radar Design

Power Frequency PRF PW Pulse Shape Antenna Design Scan Pattern

EP Factors

Burnthrough: Increase signal strength to overpower jammer noise (ECCM) Emission Control (EMCON)

Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta

Operator Training

U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities

SLQ-32 Sidekick - on all combatants

Radar warning, detection and jamming Uses an internal library to auto detect & categorize

Infrared Flares - GIANT

on all combatants

Chaff - on all combatants

U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities

SSQ-108 Outboard - on some Spruance class, DDG, CG, LHA, LHD
Any ship with SSES real-time, over-the-horizon passive detection, localization, and targeting

SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy - on Arleigh Burke class Rubber Duck looks like a life boat container

U.S. Airborne EW Capabilities

ALQ-142 - ES system on SH-60 Seahawk ALQ-99 - EW system on EA-6B Prowler

Mimics radar signals

ALQ-126 - EA jamming system on F-14 & F/A 18 ALQ-165 - EA jamming system on F/A-18 ALR-47 - ES detection system on S-3 Viking ALR-73 - ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye Chaff - on SH-60 Seahawk

Questions?