Nursing Simulations

BY JESSICA CRAKER, LAURA BINDEMAN, HEATHER LINDSTROM

Objectives
Describe trend Software / Hardware Evaluate System Used Advantages / Disadvantages

What is Virtual Patient Case Scenario?

Computer based simulation training Realistic and interactive virtual patients Medical, dentistry, and pharmacology
2 Types

Problem Solving
Reasoning or diagnosis History, lab tests, physical exams No cues from the program

Narrative Approach
Often found in VP systems Cause and effect Time element/ personal story line
75% of studies show positive effect of simulation (Raverst,2002)

Hardware Involved
Computers

Simulation Manikins

Web-based Software-based

Example - SimMan Fit every situation

SimMan

Builds decision-making skills

Portable
Lifelike

Software Involved
Computer Programs

Internet Sites

VCE Virtual Clinical Excursions Anesoft Simulations for any situation / specialization

Second Life Youtube (really!)

Second Life

Online Social Avatar Site (www.secondlife.com) Virtual multi-user environments Offers communal learning Guided mentoring Offers interactive buildings / sites New way to teach students

Nursing Implications
SIMULATIONS Psychomotor skills Critical thinking
Staff downsizing Shorter hospital stays

Fewer opportunities to learn

Implications Cont.
Learning in risk- free environment Interactive learning Repeated practice of skills Immediate feedback

Implications Cont.

Realism

Transferability
Value Continued research into effectiveness / potential

Advantages
Can focus on specific areas Presents serious/ uncommon situations Learn at own pace

Develop higher level of thinking

Retention of knowledge Absence of patient risk

Disadvantages
Issues of copyrights and legality Who did you get your simulation from?

Lack of realism and patient responses Not really hands on

Software / hardware issues Slow internet, viruses, hackers Cost of hardware, software and supportive features Computers arent cheap!

References
Bradley, P. (2006). The history of simulation in medical education and possible future directions. Medical Education, 40, 254-262. Effken, J. A., Doyle, M. (2001). Interface design and cognitive design in learning an instructional computer simulation. Computers in Nursing, 19(4), 164-171. Feingold, C.E., Calaluce, M., Kallen, M.A. (2004). Computerized patient model and simulated clinical experiences: evaluation with baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(4), 156-163. Jeffries, P. (2000). Development and test of a model for designing interactive CD-ROMS for teaching nursing skills. Computers in Nursing, 18(3), 118-124. Maran, N.J., Glavin, R. J. (2003). Low-to high-fidelity simulation- a continuum of medical education?. Medical Education, 37(Suppl. 1), 22-28. Medley, C.F., Horne, C. (2005). Using simulation technology for undergraduate nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(1), 31-34. Merril, G.L., Barker, V.L. ( 1996). Virtual reality debuts in the teaching laboratory in nursing. Journal of Intravenous Nursing, 19(4), 182-187. Ravert, P. (2002). An integrative review of computer-based simulation in the education process. Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 20(5), 203-208. Simpson, R. (2003). Welcome to the virtual classroom: how technology is transforming nursing education in the 21st century. Nurs Admin Q, 27(1), 83-86. Skiba, D. Nursing education 2.0: second life. National League for Nursing, 28(3), 156-157. Zary, N., Johnson, G., Boberg, J. Foras, U.G. H. (2006). Development, implementation and pilot evaluation of web-based virtual patient case simulation environment- web-SP. BMC Medical Education, 6(10), 6-10.