Lecture#02 P1

Dated :22/10/12

Subject:

Database Management Information System ,Remote sensing and GIS (Geographical Information System) Topic:
Introduction to Remote sensing and GIS (Geographical Information System)
Presented by Rehana Jamal

What is Remote sensing?

Remote sensing is a technique of collecting information from a distance

Remotely sensed data The data collected from a distance

Definitions of Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing (RS) is the science and art of acquiring information about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact with the objects, or area, or phenomenon under investigation
OR

Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object ,area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area or phenomenon under investigation

What is of GIS?
A set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieval at
will, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes

Burrough(1986)

GIS is a computer system that can hold and use data describing places on the Earths surface.
Rhind(1989)

A system for capturing , storing, checking,

integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth Department of the Environment
4

Brief history of Remote sensing

First aerial photograph was taken from a balloon suspended over Paris by the French photographer and balloonist Gaspard-Felix Tournachon, known as Nadar, in 1858 Aerial photographs by balloons in 1860 1st Military use of photograph in American Civil War to analyze the defence in1862 Balloons, Aerophile i & ii by French Richards Brothers in1893 Leon P.Teisserenc de Bort, a French meteorologist founded two parts of atmosphere in 1899 TROPOSPHERE up to 700 miles STRATOSPHERE above 700 miles Weather kites were after balloons up to 11000-12000ft. Small cameras & faster lenses and films were available by early 1900. Wilber Wright took 1st photograph from airplane in1909 At the end of 1918: 56000prints of aerial photographs were taken Aerial photography 1st used in the 2nd World War In 1920-1930s Amphibious bush plane used in Canada Space ships :Sputnik i-(1957) & ii-(1958) Satellite imagery presently used

Balloons

Balloon landing in Mashgh square, Iran (Persia), at the time of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, around 1850

Honore Daumier, (Nadar elevating Photography to Art), published in Le Boulevard, May 25, 1862.

Hot air belloons

Gas balloons: Hydrogen, Helium,Ammonia,Coal gas, Methane

Roziere balloons

Kite Aerial Photography (KAP)

The first kite aerial photographs were taken by British meteorologist Douglas Archibald in 1887 and Arthur Batut in (France) in 1888. Manned kite flying and aerial photography was advanced also by French Marcel Maillot, British Robert Baden-Powel,

Americans Charles Lamson and William Abner Eddy,

Australian Lawrence Hargrave (inventor of box kite in 1893 and kite train in 1884) and French Captain Saconney.

Kite photo of San Francisco after the earthquake of 1906

Rockets

Early Chinese rocket (First solid rocket in 9th century)

Alexander the Great Here Alexander holds a rocket, the first depiction of one

Three reusable future space vehicles concepts under consideration by NASA.

Blims

A modern blimp from Airship

Good year blimp

Helicopters
Frenchman Etienne Oehmichen, set the first helicopter world record recognized by the (FAI) on 14 April 1924, flying his helicopter 360 meters (1,181 ft).

First airmail service by helicopter in Los Angeles, 1947 Oehmichen N2 1922

Open ceremony was conducted in 2010 Common wealth Games Modern aerostat, U.S. Air Force

Dirigibles
from the French ( to direct plus -ible), meaning "directable" or steerable All modern airships, since the 1960s, use helium Airships were the first aircraft to enable controlled, powered flight, and were widely used before the 1940s,

A modern airship

In the background, ZR-3, in front of it, (l to r) J-3 or 4, K-1, ZMC-2, in front of them, "Caquot" observation balloon, and in foreground free balloons used for training. US Navy airships and balloons, 1931

Parachutes/skydiving
The history of skydiving starts with Andre- Jacques Garnerin who made successful parachute jumps from a hot-air balloon in 1797. The military developed parachuting technology as a way to save aircrews from emergencies aboard balloons and aircraft in flight, later as a way of delivering soldiers to the battlefield. Early competitions date back to the 1930s, and it became an international sport in 1952.

12-way formation with videographer seen in upper-right corner

Jump with Russian flag

Pakistans satellites
Badr-1 prior to its launch
Artificial communication satellite Launched from Xichang Launch Centre in July,1990

The satellite was designed in SUPARCO Satellite Control Center at Lahore

Badr-B, also known as Badr-2, is the research and Earth observation satellite. It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Baikonur, Kazakhstan on December 10, 2001 abroad a Ukrainian Zenit-2 rocket.

Badr-2 is developed in collaboration with UK industry and science institutes

PAKSAT-1R Launched on Aug.12,2011

Spatial data acquisition technique

Remote sensing is a spatial data acquisition technique: Agronomist: forecast the agricultural period

An urban planner: identify areas illegally built

An Engineer: determine optical configuration( terrain obstacles of buildings) for siting relay stations for Telecommunication companies Mining Engineer: explore the area to map the surface mineralogy

Climatologist: identify the parameters including sea currents,meteorology,energy interactions between the land and water

Use of Remote sensing

Remote sensing techniques are used to take measurements

Techniques:

Aerial photography
Airborne radar Scanner data

Satellite imagery

Uses: Topographic maps Forestry Geology Land use Soil maps City maps

Methods of Spatial data acquisition

Conducting interviews
Land surveying Laboratory measurements of samples

Interpretation of satellite images

Measurements by in situ sensors Aerial photographs

Two main categories of Spatial data acquisition

Ground based methods
Real world Observation & measurements Spatial database

Remote sensing methods

Observation & measurements Spatial database

Real world

Sensors

Image data

Applications of Remote sensing

Remote sensing provides image data Remote sensing requires ground data Remote sensing provides area covering data Remote sensing surface data Remote sensing is suited to areas difficult to access Remote sensing provides multipurpose image data

References:

www.google.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photography Principles of Remote sensing edited by Lucas L.E. Janssen http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/paksat1r.asp ?satlinksid=1 http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/space/teachers/rockets/history.html