Fuji Electric Ultrasonic Flowmeters

September 23, 2004

Introduction
Ultrasonic waves travel in the same manner as light or microwaves, however being elastic waves, they can propagate through any substance whether solid, liquid & gases. And by utilizing the properties of ultrasonic waves clamp on flowmeters with unique feature of being able to measure fluid flow in the pipe externally was developed. In 1975, Fuji Electric introduced its first ultrasonic flowmeter and since then Fuji Electric USFMs have been very successfully in many applications both domestically and internationally.
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Contents
1. Why use ultrasonic flowmeter?

2.
3. 4.

Who needs ultrasonic flowmeter?

Whats unique in Fujis ultrasonic flowmeter? References

5.

Application notes

September 23, 2004

1.1 Why use ultrasonic flowmeter?

Benefits of A NON-INTRUSIVE sensor (CLAMP-ON type) Cost saving Easy maintenance (No moving parts) No pressure loss No plugging/clogging No corrosion No leakage
IT IS AN IDEAL SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS OF ORDINARY INTRUSIVE/SPOOL PIECE TYPE OF FLOWMETERS. Differential Pressure, Magnetic Flow, Turbine, Coriolis & Etc.
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1.2 Why use ultrasonic flowmeter?

Wide operating conditions more than your expectations
Temperature Pipe Diameter Flow Velocity Measured Fluid Accuracy Response Speed : : : : : : -40 ~ +200 C 13mm ~ 6000mm 0.3 ~ 32m/s (High turndown ratio) Sound conductive fluids even with bubbles. 0.5 ~ 1.0% 0.5second

September 23, 2004

1.3 Why use ultrasonic flowmeter?

Check if you have right choice of flowmeter on line!

Ultrasonic X

Electromagnetic X

Differential Pressure

Vortex

Fluid Measuring Media Gas

Vapor
Slurry Control

X
X X -40 to 200 C None Large 13 ~ 6,000mm 10D/5D Not Required 0.5 % of rate -32 to 32m/s

X
-20 to 120 C -1 to 2MPa None Large 2.5 ~ 300mm 5D/2D Required X 0.5 % of rate 0 to 15m/s

X X -40 to 600 C -0.1 to 42MPa Yes Large 25 ~ 3,000mm 10D/5D Required 2.0 % of FS September 23, 2004

X X -10 to 200 C 5MPa Yes Large 4 ~ 100mm 7D/3D Required X 1.0 % of rate 0.3 to 4m/s

Application

Monitor Supply Temperature

Operating Condition

Pressure Pressure loss Rangeability Bore

Installation Condition

Upstream/Downstream Piping works Explosion proof Accuracy

Performance
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Velocity range

1.4 Why use ultrasonic flowmeter?

Cost Comparison
50,000

MAGFLOW USFM

40,000

(US$)

30,000

20,000

10,000

mm 25

mm 50

mm 80

mm 25 1

mm 00 2

mm 00 3

mm 00 4

mm 00 5

mm 00 7

mm 00 9

mm 00 12

Pipe
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2.1 Who needs ultrasonic flowmeter?

Increasing demands by 11% per year through 2001 (Forecasted by ARC, USA Advisory Group) Government regulation requires reporting the amount of discharged fluid from plants. (Especially in Chemical + Refining + Wastewater)

Improving efficiency of plant operation needs measuring flow rate of the process which is not measured currently.

September 23, 2004

2.2 Who needs ultrasonic flowmeter?

Applications
Pulp & Paper Chemical Plants Power Plants & Generating Facilities Water Service & Sewage Treatment Semiconductor Manufacturing Plating & Finishing Operations Food and Beverage Process Building Maintenance Pumping Efficiency Leakage Detection

September 23, 2004

2.3 Who needs ultrasonic flowmeter?

Shipments Worldwide By Applications
Total 36,900 units sold in 1996
Process Monitoring Process Control Nonconductive Liquids Leak Detection Utilities Custody Transfer Stack Monitoring CEM Check Metering Influent & Effluent Sewer Monitoring Other 0 5 3.7 3.9 10 15 20 25 1.3 4.2 25 3 1.4 9.5 7.5 19.1 10.4 11.1

(%)

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September 23, 2004

2.4 Who needs ultrasonic flowmeter?

Shipments Worldwide by Industry since 1996
Oil & Gas Refining Chemical Food & Beverage Pharmaceutical Pulp & Paper Metals & Mining Power Water & Wastewater District Heating Other 0 5 3.8 6.2 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
(%)

7.5 10.2 13.3 5.8 2.6 5.7 1.1 7 36.8

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September 23, 2004

3.1 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Full Range Line-Up Of Fuji Electric USFM!
Fixed Type For Monitoring & Control
Fixed Multi-Channel Portable Type For Checking Open Channel M-Flow Low Cost Version

(Model FLV/W)
(Model FLH/W) (Model FLC/D) (Model FLH/X) (Model FLS/R)

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September 23, 2004

3.2 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Fuji Electrics USFM Family

Time Delta (FLV/W)

Portaflow-X (FLC/D)

Multi Channel (FLH-3)

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Open Channel (FLH/X) M-Flow

September 23, 2004

3.3 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Superior Measurement Performance by High Speed Digital Signal Processing (MPU: DSP-Digital Signal Processor- Texas Instruments 32bit)

Basic principle = Transit time difference High accuracy (0.5%) & quick response (0.5second) Broad measuring range (0.3~32m/s) Real time auto temperature and pressure compensation Auto calculation for unknown sonic velocity Advanced anti-bubble measurement (Up to 12% volume)

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September 23, 2004

3.4 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Basic Principle = Transit Time Difference Type Upstream Sensor Clamp-on sensors Oscillator Wedge Transit Time Difference Method Principle Expression
Cross-sectional area Average velocity on cross section
Q=
D f Pipe

D2

D T x x x sin2f (T0-)2 Average velocity on propagation path

/2 T1 T2

/2

Downstream Sensor

Q : Flowrate D : Inner pipe diameter K : Conversion factor of average velocity f: Incident angle into liquid
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T1, T2 : Transit time T0 : Transit time between sensors when flow is at rest ((T1+ T2 )/2) : Transit time in pipe walls & sensors

T=T2T1 (Note) Ultrasonic waves are carried with the motion of fluid.

September 23, 2004

3.5) Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Flow Profile Compensation
Reynolds Number : Non-dimensional figure to determine flow profile
Re = VxD V : Average velocity D : Inner diameter : Kinematics viscosity
Flow profile : Turbulent flow (Trapezoidal) Laminar flow (Parabolic)

K
Laminar flow

Conversion factor of average velocity : Turbulent flow (Re5000)

K= 2n+1

1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 102 103

Laminar flow (Re2300)

K=

2n

n = 2.1 log Re-1.9 ,

Transition region

Turbulent flow Re

Enough straight pipe length should be taken so that laminar flow will be well developed. 16

104

105

106

September 23, 2004

3.6 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

High accuracy (0.5%) & quick response (0.5second)
Comparison Test Data in Actual Flow
Flow (%) Standard FMQ 0 0.06 5 5.18 10 10.17 25 24.60 50 50.41 100 95.91 Output (%) Accuracy (% Of Rate) FLC Product C FLC Product C -0.01 0.06 -0.01 0.06 5.17 5.82 -0.19 12.36 10.13 10.84 -0.39 6.59 24.62 24.46 0.08 -0.57 50.42 51.04 0.02 1.25 95.93 98.74 0.02 2.95

Pipe: 80mm Pipe material: SGP Range: 0~2m/s

Accuracy(% of rate)

15 10 5 0 -5 0 5 10 25 50

FLC Product C

100

Flow (%)

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September 23, 2004

3.7 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Real time auto temperature & pressure compensation
Principle Expression: Q= D2 4 D2
Upstream Sensor Pipe

1 1

D sin2f Cf

x (T0-)2
x T

Effect of temperature & pressure change D f Q

Cf

4 2 sinf T0- (Cf: Sound velocity in measured liquid) Compensation for liquid temperature & pressure change Physical Phenomena:
Fluid temperature & pressure change Change of Cf Change of f &

/2 T1 T2

/2

Downstream Sensor

Output change Compensated output

September 23, 2004

Real time compensation (Applied For Patent)

Measured values T1 & T2 Successive calculation of Cf , f &

Calculation of propagation path and fluid sound velocity every output cycle
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Sound Velocity of Water

Note: In general, the dependence of sound velocity to fluid temperature and/or pressure is not well known except for a few liquids, such as water and sea water.

Sound Velocity Vs Water Temperature (Extracted From Steam Tables )

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3.8 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

8 7 6

Real time Auto Temperature & Pressure Compensation

Comparison Test Data For Temperature Effects
40 35

Error (% Of Rate)

5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 50 100 Time(Minutes) 150 FLC Product C TEMP.

25 20 15 10 5 0 200

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September 23, 2004

Temperature()

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3.9 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Advanced Anti Bubble Measurement (Up to 12% Volume)
Digital sampling of received signals : Ultrasonic Oscillator 2MHz For Small Sensor 1MHz For Large Sensor Sampling Rate 16MHz Synchronized summation of received signals : Normal propagation
flow v bubble Received signal : t
Summed 128 or 256 times for one output Digital data of received signals :

Interrupted propagation
v flow bubble

t
Enough level can be achieved for signal processing.

Received signal : Nothing! t

In case of analog system measurement failure will occur

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3.10 Whats Unique in Fujis USFM

Advanced Anti Bubble Measurement (Up to 12% Volume)

RESULTS OF BUBBLE IMMERSION TEST (New Time Delta UFM)

Permissible Air Volumerate (vol%)

12 10 8 6 4 2

12.0

Traditional type New type 7.0 4.0

0 1.0

1.2

0.4 2.0

0.03 3.0 Flow Velocity (m/s)

1.5 0.02 4.0

1.0 0.02 5.0

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September 23, 2004

Common Features Fujis USFM Series

High accuracy & quick response Compact & lightweight Excellent air bubble resistance (Advanced ABM) Excellent temperature characteristics (New sound velocity measurement) OFFERED BY 32BIT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR

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September 23, 2004

Wet Calibration 1. Weighing method 2. Volumetric method 3. Comparative method

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September 23, 2004

Wet Calibration
Weighing method
Upper Tank Water

Stop Valve

USF to be calibrated

Thermometer

Measure the Mass of Water Flowed into Primary Weighing Tank for certain period. Compare the Indication of USFM and Mass of Water.

Primary Volumetric Tank

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Wet Calibration
Volumetric method
Upper Tank Water Stop Valve

Measure the Level of Water Flowed into Primary Volumetric Tank for certain period. Compare the Indication of USF and Volume of Water.

USF to be calibrated

Thermometer

Level Meter

Primary Volumetric Tank

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September 23, 2004

Wet Calibration
Stop Valve

Comparative method
Measure the Flow Rate by Primary Flowmeter for reference. Compare the Indication of USFM and the Primary Flowmeter

Primary Flowmeter

USF to be calibrated

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September 23, 2004

Wet Calibration
Fujis USFM calibration (Upon request) by

Volumetric method With 2.5 to 300mm pipes (1 to 12 inch ) with primary tank inspected by Japanese Authority of Measurement.
Comparative method With electromagnetic flowmeter calibrated within 0.2% FS. For larger bore pipes than 300mm Dry calibration based on the wet calibration for 300mm pipe according to Japanese Standard JEMIS032.

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September 23, 2004

References
Australia Bangladesh Brunei Indonesia Japan Malaysia Myanmar New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam All countries

Please kindly click on the individual country to view customers database.

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September 23, 2004

The End

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September 23, 2004