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An Ecosystem Approach
At a fourth level, studies may examine an ecosystem. The ecosystem includes all the organisms in an area and all of the abiotic factors that affect them. In South Florida there are many ongoing studies of the Everglades ecosystem, as biologists, geologists, hydrologists and atmospheric scientists work together in efforts to understand how all the parts of it relate to each other. Without this knowledge we cannot hope to preserve, protect or manage the unique natural environment that is South Florida .
The atmosphere has a tremendous effect on the distribution of plants and animals. Global patterns of circulations affect rainfall patterns and the prevailing wind directions. Changes in air circulation over the Pacific Ocean can lead to events, such as El Nino, which have global repercussions (i.e. torrential rains in the Andes and severe drought in Australia)
Biotic Factors
A living organism is also affected by the living components of its environment. Competition exists for available food resources. Predators feed on members of the population. Microbes can bring diseases. (If time travel were possible, and you could be transported to the Cretaceous Era to look at dinosaurs, dont be afraid of fear Tyrannosaurus, fear the microbes. You would have no immunity to them!!) There may be competition for nesting space. Plants may compete for the light needed to carryout photosynthesis. These are many other biological factors determine the success of an individual or species.