Application of PTs

Measuring PTs Required to maintain accuracy within limit for VP varying between 80% to 120% of rated VP.

Measuring PTs
Accuracy class % Ratio Error Phase Displacement Error (minutes) 5 Application.

0.1

0.1%

For Precision Testing OR Sub standard for testing laboratory PTs.

0.2

0.2%

10

For Lab. Testing work and Sub Standard for Testing Industrial PTs.
For Precision Industrial Metering (HT consumers) and for use with standard indicating watt meters.

0.5

0.5%

20

1.0

1%

40

For Precision Industrial Metering (HT consumers) and for use with standard indicating watt meters.
For purpose where phase angle is less important.

3.0

3%

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Protective PTs (without Residual winding)

Required to maintain accuracy within limit from 5% to 110% of rated primary voltage. Selection of accuracy class depends on sensitiveness of protection scheme required.

Protective PTs (without Residual winding)

Accuracy class % Ratio Error Phase Displacement Error (minutes Application.

5%

300

U/V, O/V and O/C relays having independent voltage restraint feature. I.e. Relays whose operation does not depend on phase relationship between V&I. For Directional o/c relays, reverse power relays. Distance Relays.

3%

120

Protective PTs (with Residual winding)

Accuracy class % Ratio Error Phase Displacement Error (minutes) 200
600 Considered adequate for most applications that require use of RVT

Application.

5
10

5%
10%

Residual Voltages
For applications e.g. Dire. E/F relays, residual Voltages are required, and are usually provided by windings connected in broken delta as shown in Fig. 1 below.

Contd.

Residual Voltages
Under normal conditions, the three phase to Earth Voltages are of equal magnitude & 120 degree apart and residual voltage (of system freq.) is Zero. But under E/F conditions, the voltage to earth of one phase collapses, either totally or partially depending on the location of fault, and the voltage applied to the other ph. to earth windings is increased and changed in phase (shown by solid lines), by amounts dependent on the method of earthing the system Neutral, and the Residual voltage VR appears vectorialy as shown in fig.1(b). Contd.

Residual Voltages
It should be noted that the 3rd harmonic voltages add up in a broken-delta connected winding and if present in the applied voltage will appear at the terminals of broken delta winding.
Contd.

Residual Voltages
Because a residual voltage Vresi is the result of an out of balance of the fluxes linking the residual voltage windings, a low reluctance path for this residual flux must be provided in the 3 phase PT (Transformer), the usual method being to use a five limbed core. (There are no windings provided on 4th & 5th limbs of the core).
Contd.

Residual Voltages
Residual Voltages can be obtained from auxiliary V.Ts which will be star/broken delta connected, but the main V.T. must be capable of reproducing an out of balance in the three phase to earth voltages, I.e. it must have a path for residual flux, or be comprised of three single-phase units, while it is, of course, essential for the primary and secondary star points to be available.
Contd.

Maint.schedule for P.T.

Monthly1) Check oil level from gamge glass 2) Check for any visible leackage Quarterly1) Clean thorouly all parts including porcelain bushing 2) Check bushing for cracks, chipping, repair, chipping spots etc. 3) Check the earthing of PT secondary star. 4) Check HV connections & ratio links for tightness 5) Check sec. terminal connections of the P.T. & junction box for tightness & deteriorated insulation.

Quarterly

6) Check silicagel and replace if necessary 7) Check arcing horns for condition & distance.

Annual Maint.1) Test dielectric strength 2) Test oil for deposits, colour & acidity. 3) Megger the windings between primary & secondary. Note:- In case of Hermitically sealed PTs, dont take out oil samples & dont open the TRF, without direction from firm.

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