My Topic is: Parts of a Computer System

Name : Md. Sohanul Haque ID No. : 09102101214 Intake : 21st Section : V Program: BBA Bangladesh University of Business & Technology (BUBT)

Submitted To:
Sabiha Firdaus Lecturer Department of Computer Science Bangladesh University of Business & Technology(BUBT)

Parts of a computer system

Parts of a Computer System

Parts of a compute system

(Single In-line Memory Module)

Hardware

Parts of a computer system

Hardware

CPU: Central Processing Unit

Brain of a computer. Manages all devices and performs the actual processing of data. Carry out instructions given by user For Personal Computer (PC), the CPU is usually included in a single Integrated Circuit (IC) chip (called Microprocessor). Nowadays, one or more microprocessors (chips) can be used to form a CPU.
Parallel Processing

Parts of a compute system

Hardware

Input and Output devices (I/O devices)

Interface between the outside world and the computer system Input devices: keyboard, mouse. Output devices: monitors, printers. Other I/O devices: scanner, joystick, touch screen, etc.

Parts of a compute system

Hardware

Memory

Internal memory / Main memory Random Access Memory (RAM)

It requires continuous supply of electrical power to retain information. Its suitable for large volume data storage.

Another kind of memory

Read

Only Memory (ROM)

Main feature 1: non-volatile data retain even when the power is off. Main feature 2: relatively expensive and can only be written once suitable for storing essential data but in small volume. ROM is used to store BIOS (Basic Input/Output Systems)

Parts of a compute system

Hardware

Storage devices

External memory
It is Non-volatile. Its Used to store data for future use. Also used when the capacity of the internal storage is insufficient to keep the currently running programs and the data required. Its are Floppy disks, hard disks, CD ROMs, Magnetic tapes etc.

Parts of computer system

Hardware - Instructions

Most CPUs have built in a few hundreds of standard operations E.g. add, subtract, multiplication, division, AND, OR, NOT, etc.

A computer program is constructed by a combination of different instruction codes Called as Machine Language Program, since it is written by 0 and 1, the only language that the CPU can understand.

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Parts of a compute system

Software

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Parts of a compute system

Application Software

Develop to fulfill certain needs of users Either customized or packaged

Customized software

Designed for a particular customer according to their needs. Payroll, inventory control, etc.

Packaged software

Developed for general use. Microsoft word, excel, Access, power-point, etc.

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Parts of a compute system

System Software

Exists primarily for the computer itself. Hides the hardware complexities. Brings the different hardware configurations into common platforms and accessible by the users. Consists of several programs, the most important one is the operating system (master control program that runs the computer).

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Parts of a compute system

Programming Software
Programming is the way to generate a program. Computer can only understand 0 and 1. The most direct way to communicate with the computer is to use 0 and 1, Machine Language Programming

Machine Language Program

0110001111000010
0001000111100011 :

:
0011000100001000 1000001001010101

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Parts of a compute system

Software
Assembly Language Programming
Assembly Language is created to help human instructs CPU to work By using a tool called Assembler, assembly language program can be converted into machine language program Assembly Language
mov add ax, #0 ax, $1234 : : bx, #22 $2345, bx

Machine Language
0110001111000010 0001000111100011 : : 0011000100001000 1000001001010101

Assembler

mov mov

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Parts of a compute system

Software
High Level Language Programming
Assembly language programming is still too complicated for general users They are far from human used language e.g. Set W equal to W plus X minus Y divided by Z

Repeat the next sequence of instructions until X is less than 0 or Y equals Z

A high level language is required to close the gap between human and computers

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Parts of a compute system

User interacts with application software System software enables the application software to interact with computer CPU and help the computer to manage its internal resources (hardware)

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Any Question?

Thanks To All