MBA-PM (IV Sem) 25th February 2011

EMS
Management of an organization's environmental programs

in a comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented manner. Includes the organizational structure, planning and resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy for environmental protection. Serves as a tool to improve environmental performance. Provides a systematic way of managing an organizations environmental affairs. Gives order and consistency for organizations to address environmental concerns through the allocation of resources, assignment of responsibility and ongoing evaluation of practices, procedures and processes

Three Pillars of EMS

EMS Commitments

Compliance

Continual Improvement

Pollution Prevention

Remove one pillar and EMS becomes unstable

ISO 14000 standards on EMS

Charted in 1946
Group of international standards covering environmental

management intended to provide organizations with the elements of an effective environmental management system . Not intended to be used to create non-tariff trade barriers or to increase or change an organization's legal obligations. First developed ISO 9000 Quality In 1993 EMS started 1996 - Published as final Voluntary

ISO 14000 series

Included in the family are standards for Environmental

Management Systems, environmental and EMS auditing, environmental labeling, performance evaluation and lifecycle assessment. 14001 EMS 14004 EMS Guidance 14010 Principles of Auditing 14011 Procedures for auditing 14012 Auditor qualifications 14031 Environmental Performance Evaluation Systems

 Life Cycle Assessment:

14041 Guiding principles of LCA 14042 Inventory analysis

14043 Impact Analysis

14044 Improvement Assessment

Environmental Labelling:
14021 Principles of all claims 14024 Eco-label seal of approval programs

14025 Manufacturer self -declaration claims

14060 Environmental aspects in product standards

Developing an EMS
Long term objectives required
6-24 months to develop Consider other systems developed to reduce costs Integrate with other systems

Stages of EMS
Unprepared (Non-compliance) Aware/Reactive (In compliance) Proactive/participatory (Pollution prevention) Mainstreaming (Management System) Mature & Highly integrative (Sustainable development)

EMS Model
Plan

Act/Review

Policy

Do/Implem ent

Check

Elements
Environmental Policy

Planning

Implementation

Checking

Environment Policy
Statement by the organisation of its intentions and principles in

relation to its overall environmental performance which provides a framework for action and for the setting of its environmental objectives and targets. Should cover the following Pollution prevention Compliance with legal and other requirements Continuous improvement Broad and limited to 1 page

 Consider organizations environmental mission, vision and core

values Framework for setting objectives and targets Communicated both internally and externally

Planning
Organization shall establish and maintain procedure(s) to

identify the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that it can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. Shall ensure that the aspects related to these significant impacts are considered in setting its environmental objectives. Organization shall keep the information up-to-date, detailing legal requirements, objectives, targets, EMPs etc.

Concepts
Environmental Aspect
Element of an

Environmental Impact
Any change to the

organisations activities, products or services which can interact with the environment.

environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisations activities, products or services.

NOTE - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect which has or can have a significant environmental impact

Aspects and Impacts

Aspect
Point source emissions Fugitive emissions By-products and wastes Raw Material consumption the interaction e.g. Emission of oxides of nitrogen from vehicle exhausts

Impact
Knock-on impacts Immediate or delayed Temporary or persistent Local or Global

the change

e.g. Reduction in local air quality, human health

Environmental Aspects
Six Broad Groupings: Emissions to Air Releases to Water Waste Management Contamination of Land Use of Raw Materials and Natural Resources Other Local Issues

Aspects and Process Flow Approach

Gaseous Emissions
Noise & Vibration Waste Transport

Raw Material Inputs Energy inputs

Activities

Products or Services

Use and disposal by the customer

Liquid effluent

Spillage

Packaging

Boundary of influence

Control and Influence

Boundary of control

Gaseous Emissions

Noise & Vibration

Waste

Transport

Raw Material Inputs Energy inputs

Activities

Products or Services

Use and disposal by the customer

Liquid effluent

Spillage

Packaging

Legal requirement
Legal and Other requirements include:
Laws and regulations Permits Enforcement actions Standards and codes Establish a master list of these and maintain it frequently

Environmental Objectives and Targets

Environmental Objective
Overall environmental

Environmental Target

Detailed performance

goal, arising from the environmental policy, that an organisation sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified where practicable.
(ISO 14001 - 3.7)

requirement, quantified where practicable, applicable to the organisation or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives.

(ISO 14001 - 3.10)

Objectives and Targets Requirement

The

organization shall establish and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at each relevant function and level within the organisation. shall consider the legal and other requirements, its significant environmental aspects, its technological options and its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties.

When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organisation

The objectives and targets shall be consistent with the

environmental policy, including the commitment to prevention of pollution. (ISO 14001 - 4.3.3)

Setting Objectives and Targets

Organisation sets its own objectives and targets Environmental objectives are typically set..
in areas identified as having potentially significant impact

on the environment. initially for the areas presenting the greatest risk and liability to the environment and the organisation. in activities which provide a financial benefit to the organisation including direct/indirect aspects, abnormal/normal operation etc.

Examples of Acceptable Objectives & Targets

S M A R
Specific to activity, aspect or impact Measurable outcomes

Achievable with todays technology

Realistic for this relevant activity or functional area

Time-bound - on-going is not acceptable

Objectives & Targets Time-frame

Organisation sets its own time-frame when no legal or

other requirements exist Time-frame obligated by Environmental Management Programme requirement (4.3.4) May use a stepped approach by identifying short and long term objectives and targets

Environmental Management Programmes

The organization shall establish and maintain (a)

programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. It shall include: a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each relevant function and level of the organization; b) the means and time-frame by which they are to be achieved. If a project relates to new developments and new or modified activities, products or services, programme(s) shall be amended where relevant to ensure that environmental management applies to such projects. (ISO 14001 4.3.4)

Environmental Performance Evaluation

Environmental management indicators
describe the actions taken in the management processes to

achieve an objective Environmental performance indicators measures for environmental impacts or aspects created by the organisations activities, products or services. Environmental condition indicators relate to the state of the environment in a local or global context. Such indicators might also be called sustainability indicators.

Implementation
Roles and responsibilities
Resources Designate names or positions

Training, awareness and competence

Importance of conformance with practices and procedures of

EMS Environmental impacts of their jobs duties Roles and responsibilities for achieving EMS conformance Consequences of deviating from EM

 Communication
EMS and environmental aspects Internal External

Documentation
Paper or electronic Updating/Revisions

Operational controls
Identified with environmental aspects Maintenance

Emergency preparedness/response
Accidents Mitigate environmental impacts

Checking
Monitoring and measuring Documented procedures Calibration Records Non-conformances/Corrective Actions Procedures to handle and investigate non-conformances Procedures to correct Implement and record changes to procedures

 Records Procedures to identify, maintain records Legible, identifiable, traceable Training, audits Stored and maintained to be retrievable Retention time established

Management Review - Typical Outline

Previous management review actions and results Performance versus objectives and targets Adequacy of current environmental policy Adequacy of structure, resources, communications and training Adequacy of objectives and targets, programmes and other management systems Short, medium and long-term direction, commitment, resources and programmes in light of the above

EMS Control Elements

Operational Control / Objectives (with performance criteria)

Nonconformance & corrective action

Monitoring & Measurement

EMS Benefits
Ensure environmental/regulatory and legal compliance

Achieve trade group recognition

Save money and other resources Improve operating efficiency

Address potential privatization

Provide examples of leadership Improve public image

Improve environmental performance

Reduce environmental risks Get a better bond rating

EMS Audits
To ensure the organization is continually improving its EMS

and environmental performance. Audit criteria is to assess an EMS against ISO 14001 specifications. Established itself as a valuable instrument to verify and help improve environmental performance. The international standard ISO-14010: 1996 is intended to guide organizations, auditors and their clients on general principles common to the conduct of environmental audits.

Who is involved
Client: the sponsor, who requests and usually pays for the
audit

Auditee: the organization or facility being audited (often also

the client)

Audit team: qualified individuals, directed by a lead auditor,

who conduct the audit

Facility management: responsible for receiving and

initiating action on audit results

Facility supervisors and employees: responsible for cooperating in the audit and providing information requested by auditors

Planning of an EMS Audit

Selection of an audit team
Determination of audit objectives and scope Identification of the audit criteria Planning of the audit program Confirmation of the audit with the client Developing checklists and working documents

Requirements of an EMS Audit

Sufficient information about the subject matter

Adequate resources

Adequate co-operation from auditee

Objectivity, Independence, Competence Due Professional Care

Systematic Procedures

Qualification Criteria

Objectives of an EMS Audit

Reasons for conducting the audit
Determine if EMS conforms with the EMS criteria Determine of the EMS has been properly implemented and

maintained Identify areas where improvements can be made to the EMS Ensure suitability and effectiveness of EMS Meet the requirements of a customer or facility Prepare for an ISO registration

Audit Report
Summary of audit findings
Evaluate the adequacy of the EMS Identify areas in need of improvement Report should include: List those who participated in audit Restate scope and objectives, etc. Identify departments, areas audited

 Identify documents, EMS manual against which was conducted

Provide a short summary of each nonconformance General summary of the audit and the extent of conformance

Follow-up
Required to ensure preventive and corrective actions have

occurred May take the form of an audit