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GROUP MEMBER

Ahmad Giffar Danto (1010313065) Amanda Besta Rizaldy(1010313119) Fido Arief (1010312026) Fitria Novita (1010312110) Inez Amelinda (1010313029) Karolin Trisnawelda (1010312054) Mulfa Satria Asnel (1010313109) Raysa Ramayumi (1010311023) Wiwie Bakti Kemampa (1010312082) Yelsa Yulanda Putri (1010313111)

1. Students are able to explain cardiac


mechanical activity
Heart consists three types of heart muscle: Atrial muscle

Ventriculare muscle Specific muscle fiber electrical discharge to set the heart rate

Heart

muscle is a sinsitium of many heart muscle cells are bound by very strong.
if one of them is stimulated, the action potential will spread from one cell to another through the ductus interkalatus.

So,

Action Potential in Heart Muscle


occur: depolarization, leveling, repolarization.

This is because of:


fast

Na
Na-Ca

Slow K

Derived from the closure valve


The

first heart sound: LUB derived from atrioventrikel valve closure in early systole . The second heart sound: DUB derived from semilunaris valve closure in late systole.

The First and Second Heart Sound


: comes from the vibration of a

strained after closing the valve together with the adjacent wall vibration, and major vessels around the heart

The second heart sound normally have a higher frequency than the first sound, because: Tensions semilunaris valve larger than the valve atrioventrikel The coefficient of elasticity of arterial wall tension is greater. So the main chamber of heart often vibrate during the second sound.

The third heart sound


Derived from the isolation of blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles, because the entry of blood from the atria. The third sound heard on a third I mid-diastole.

"The ability of the heart to adapt to blood volume changes due to blood flow, referred to as a mechanism FrankStarlings"

"Or it can be stated another way: Within physiological limits, the heart will pump all the blood returning to the heart through a vein"

6th EKG

ECG>> ElectroKardioGraph P wave - due to electrical potential during atrial depolarization (before contractions start) QRS complex (often three waves, Q, R, S) ventricular depolarization potential time T wave - ventricular repolarization resulting

from, 0.25 to 0.35 seconds after depolarization

ECG measurement

Records of surface electrical potential of heart

muscle mass sinsitium


Pre: all interior negative, outside positive Stimuli: the middle of the depolarization

Recording
- Of the polarization, (-) on depolarization (+) - Of the polarization, (-) on the polarization (0)

- On the depolarization, (-) on the polarization (-)

Cardiac cycle

cardiac cycle: events that occur in heart, heart rate started from the beginning until the beginning of the next heartbeat

cardiac cycle consists of 2 periods: - Systole: the period of ventricular contraction, blood will be issued
- Diastole: relaxation period of the ventricle, there was blood filling

The process:

- Atrium filled with venous blood (atrial diastole), pressure in it increases so that the atrioventricular valves open and the ventricles begin to fill (ventricular diastole) - Diastolic ventricle, 3 ways: 1. rapid filling, when the AV valves open so that blood can flow rapidly into the ventricles. occurred about about the first third of the diastolic.

2. Charging is slow, venous blood entering the atrium directly to the ventricles because the AV valve is still open. occurred during the second third of the diastolic
3. Atrial contractions (pump predecessor) give additional impetus to the flow of blood into the ventricles (20% of ventricular filling on cardiac cycle)

- Systolic ventricular when the pressure in the ventricle exceeds the pressure in the aorta and arteries pulomonalis, then the valve semilunaris forced open and blood is pumped at high pressure into the arterial system There are 3 periods: 1. The period of contraction isovolemik / isometric, AV valve was closed, but not yet open semilunar valves 2. Ejection period, after semilunar valve opens, blood into the arterial system 3. Relaxation period isovolemik / isometric, katu semilunar already close, but not yet open AV valve

Ventricular diastolic (relaxation) The pressure in the ventricle decreased, semuilunar valve closes to prevent backflow of arterial blood

Volume ventricle
End diastolic volume: 110 - 120 cc, may be increased to 150 - 180 cc Stroke volume: 70 cc

Ejection fraction: 60%


End systolic volume: 40 - 50 cc, can be reduced to 10 - 20 cc

The role of valves and M. Cardiac papillary On Cardiac Cycle


Valve closes and opens passively AV valve: prevents blood in the ventricle back into the atrium during ventricular contraction Semilunar valve: prevents blood in the arterial system back into the ventricle during ventricular relaxation M. Ventricular papillary joint contract, preventing the valve leaflets toward the atrium flipped AV

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