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Ventriculare muscle Specific muscle fiber electrical discharge to set the heart rate
Heart
muscle is a sinsitium of many heart muscle cells are bound by very strong.
if one of them is stimulated, the action potential will spread from one cell to another through the ductus interkalatus.
So,
Na
Na-Ca
Slow K
first heart sound: LUB derived from atrioventrikel valve closure in early systole . The second heart sound: DUB derived from semilunaris valve closure in late systole.
strained after closing the valve together with the adjacent wall vibration, and major vessels around the heart
The second heart sound normally have a higher frequency than the first sound, because: Tensions semilunaris valve larger than the valve atrioventrikel The coefficient of elasticity of arterial wall tension is greater. So the main chamber of heart often vibrate during the second sound.
"The ability of the heart to adapt to blood volume changes due to blood flow, referred to as a mechanism FrankStarlings"
"Or it can be stated another way: Within physiological limits, the heart will pump all the blood returning to the heart through a vein"
6th EKG
ECG>> ElectroKardioGraph P wave - due to electrical potential during atrial depolarization (before contractions start) QRS complex (often three waves, Q, R, S) ventricular depolarization potential time T wave - ventricular repolarization resulting
ECG measurement
Recording
- Of the polarization, (-) on depolarization (+) - Of the polarization, (-) on the polarization (0)
Cardiac cycle
cardiac cycle: events that occur in heart, heart rate started from the beginning until the beginning of the next heartbeat
cardiac cycle consists of 2 periods: - Systole: the period of ventricular contraction, blood will be issued
- Diastole: relaxation period of the ventricle, there was blood filling
The process:
- Atrium filled with venous blood (atrial diastole), pressure in it increases so that the atrioventricular valves open and the ventricles begin to fill (ventricular diastole) - Diastolic ventricle, 3 ways: 1. rapid filling, when the AV valves open so that blood can flow rapidly into the ventricles. occurred about about the first third of the diastolic.
2. Charging is slow, venous blood entering the atrium directly to the ventricles because the AV valve is still open. occurred during the second third of the diastolic
3. Atrial contractions (pump predecessor) give additional impetus to the flow of blood into the ventricles (20% of ventricular filling on cardiac cycle)
- Systolic ventricular when the pressure in the ventricle exceeds the pressure in the aorta and arteries pulomonalis, then the valve semilunaris forced open and blood is pumped at high pressure into the arterial system There are 3 periods: 1. The period of contraction isovolemik / isometric, AV valve was closed, but not yet open semilunar valves 2. Ejection period, after semilunar valve opens, blood into the arterial system 3. Relaxation period isovolemik / isometric, katu semilunar already close, but not yet open AV valve
Ventricular diastolic (relaxation) The pressure in the ventricle decreased, semuilunar valve closes to prevent backflow of arterial blood
Volume ventricle
End diastolic volume: 110 - 120 cc, may be increased to 150 - 180 cc Stroke volume: 70 cc