Low temp.

and high temp corrosion

Ahsan gillani Hamza mehboob Khurrum X mannan Bilal shahid Hamza jhangir Wasif amjad

What is corrosion ???

Corrosion is the gradual destruction of material, usually metals, by chemical reaction with its environment. In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemical oxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen. Rusting, the formation of iron oxides, is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion. This type of damage typically produces oxide(s) or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion can also occur in materials other than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in this context, the term degradation is more common. Corrosion degrades the useful properties of materials and structures including strength, appearance and permeability to liquids and gases.

Corrosion types in petroleum industry

High temp. corrosion Low temp corrosion Galvanic and non galvanic corrosion Sulphide corrosion Acid corrosion Misselenous

High temp corrosion

High-temperature corrosion is chemical deterioration of a material (typically a metal) as a result of heating This non-galvanic form of corrosion can occur when a metal is subjected to a hot atmosphere containing oxygen, sulfur or other compounds capable of oxidizing

High temp corrosion

Mainly effects in materials used in aerospace Petroleum industry power generation in car engines

How low temp corrosion is advantageous for engineers??

The formation of oxides on stainless steels, for example, can provide a protective layer preventing further atmospheric attack, allowing for a material to be used for sustained periods at both room and high temperatures in hostile conditions. Such high-temperature corrosion products, in the form of compacted oxide layer glazes, prevent or reduce wear during hightemperature sliding contact of metallic (or metallic and ceramic) surfaces.

Low temp. corrosion

With an oil-fired plant it is important to avoid condensation by ensuring that the temperature of any surface in contact with the combustion gases does not fall below their acid dew-point temperature, otherwise low temperature corrosion may occur.

Low temp. corrosion

Using fuels with sulfur in steam generating units yields a potential hazard of sulfur corrosion at the cold end of the boiler. The severity depends on many factors like percentage of sulfur in the fuel, excess air, moisture in flue gas, etc. Many options are available to contain cold end corrosion

Effects of LTC
for use in power generation and process power plants use different type of fuels. These fuels contain sulphur to differing percentages. The higher the percentage of sulphur, the higher will be the risk of cold end corrosion in the boiler. The sulphur in the fuel during combustion gets converted to sulphur dioxide. Depending upon the other impurities present in the fuel and excess air levels, some portion of the sulphur dioxide gets converted to sulphur trioxide. The presence of moisture in the flue gas due to moisture in fuel and air, sulphur dioxide, and trioxide, combines with moisture and forms sulphuric acid and sulphuric acid.

Reactions of LTC in petroleum industry

S + O2 SO2 SO2 + O2 SO3 H2O + SO2 H2SO3 H2O + SO3 H2SO4