Module 9: Using Advanced Techniques

Module 9: Using Advanced Techniques

Considerations for Querying Data Working with Data Types

Cursors and Set-Based Queries

Dynamic SQL Maintaining Query Files

Lesson 1: Considerations for Querying Data

Execution Plans Data Type Conversions

Implicit Conversions
Explicit Conversions with CAST and CONVERT Data Type Precedence

Execution Plans
Shows how the Database Engine navigates tables and indexes View Estimated Execution Plan before query execution View Actual Execution Plan after execution Generate Execution Plans with: SQL Server Management Studio T-SQL SET options SQL Server Profiler

Demonstration: Using Execution Plans

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:
View estimated and actual execution plans

Data Type Conversions

Data Type Conversion scenarios Data is moved to, compared, or combined with other data Data is moved from a result column, return code, or output parameter into a program variable

Implicit Conversion Transparent to the user

Explicit Conversion Uses CAST or CONVERT

Implicit Conversions

DECLARE @firstname char(10) SET @firstname = 'Kevin' SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Person.Person WHERE @firstname = FirstName

Explicit Conversions with CAST and CONVERT

Using CAST USE AdventureWorks2008; GO SELECT SUBSTRING(Name, 1, 30) AS ProductName, ListPrice FROM Production.Product WHERE CAST(ListPrice AS int) LIKE '3%'; GO

Using CONVERT
USE AdventureWorks2008; GO SELECT SUBSTRING(Name, 1, 30) AS ProductName, ListPrice FROM Production.Product WHERE CONVERT(int, ListPrice) LIKE '3%'; GO

Data Type Precedence

Without explicit conversion, this statement fails DECLARE @label varchar(12), @pageno int SET @label='Page Number ' SET @pageno = 1 Print @label + @pageno

With explicit conversion, this statement succeeds

DECLARE @label varchar(12), @pageno int SET @label='Page Number ' SET @pageno = 1 Print @label + CONVERT(varchar, @pageno)

Demonstration: Understanding Data Type Conversion

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:
Understand explicit and implicit data type conversions

Use CAST and CONVERT to explicitly convert data types

Lesson 2: Working with Data Types

Recommendations for Querying Date/Time Data Recommendations for Inserting Date/Time Data

Implementing the hierarchyid Data Type

Working with Hierarchies

Recommendations for Querying Date/Time Data

Date/Time values can be queried using numeric operators

such as =, >, and < as well as date/time functions. understanding the data type.

When querying date/time data, care must be taken in

DATETIME, DATETIME2, & DATETIMEOFFSET data types Query conditions must include both date and time portions. DATE data type Query conditions must include just the date portion.

TIME data type Query conditions must include just the time portion.

Recommendations for Inserting Date/Time Data

Use correct format and language settings Use language independent formats for portability

SET DATEFORMAT mdy GO DECLARE @datevar datetime SET @datevar = '12/31/2008' SELECT @datevar

SET DATEFORMAT ydm GO DECLARE @datevar datetime SET @datevar = 2008/31/12' SELECT @datevar

SET DATEFORMAT ymd GO DECLARE @datevar datetime SET @datevar = 2008/12/31' SELECT @datevar

Demonstration: Working with Date/Time Data

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:
Use the correct methods for working with various

date/time data types

Implementing the hierarchyid Data Type

CREATE TABLE Organization ( EmployeeID hierarchyid, OrgLevel as EmployeeID.GetLevel(), EmployeeName nvarchar(50) NOT NULL ) ; GO

Working with Hierarchies

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Org_Breadth_First ON Organization(OrgLevel, EmployeeID); GO

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX Org_Depth_First ON Organization(EmployeeID); GO

Demonstration: Using the hierachyid Data Type

In this demonstration you will learn how to:
Work with the hierarchyid data type

Lesson 3: Cursors and Set-Based Queries

Understanding Cursors Cursor Implementations

Using Cursors
Understanding Set-Based Logic

Understanding Cursors
Cursors extend processing of result sets Allow positioning at specific rows Retrieve one or more rows from the current position Support data modification

Support different levels of visibility

Provide T-SQL statements access to data

Cursor Implementations
Implementation Features
Based on DECLARE CURSOR Implemented on server

Transact-SQL

Based on API functions in OLE DB and

API Server

ODBC

Implemented on server

Implemented by Native Client ODBC

Client

and ADO

Caches all result set rows on the client

Using Cursors
Process of using a cursor Associate and define characteristics Populate the cursor Retrieve rows in the cursor Modify data if needed Close and deallocate the cursor
DECLARE vend_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM Purchasing.Vendor OPEN vend_cursor FETCH NEXT FROM vend_cursor CLOSE vend_cursor DEALLOCATE vend_cursor

Demonstration: Working with Cursors

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:
Use cursors to work with result sets

Understanding Set-Based Logic

Set-based logic SQL Server iterates through data Deals with results as a set instead of row-by-row

SELECT ProductID, Purchasing.Vendor.VendorID, Name FROM Purchasing.ProductVendor JOIN Purchasing.Vendor ON (Purchasing.ProductVendor.VendorID = Purchasing.Vendor.VendorID) WHERE StandardPrice > $10 AND Name LIKE N'F%' GO

Demonstration: Using Set-Based Queries

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:
Use a set-based query to replace a cursor

Lesson 4: Dynamic SQL

Introducing Dynamic SQL Using Dynamic SQL

Considerations for Using Dynamic SQL

Introducing Dynamic SQL

Dynamic SQL Allows query to be built using variables Places query into variable

SET @SQLString = N'SELECT @SalesOrderOUT = MAX(SalesOrderNumber) FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader WHERE CustomerID = @CustomerID';

Using Dynamic SQL

Using sp_executesql
sp_executesql [ @stmt = ] stmt [ {, [@params=] N'@parameter_name data_type [ OUT | OUTPUT ][,...n]' } {, [ @param1 = ] 'value1' [ ,...n ] } ]

Using EXECUTE
[ { EXEC | EXECUTE } ] { [ @return_status = ] { module_name [ ;number ] | @module_name_var } [ [ @parameter = ] { value | @variable [ OUTPUT ] | [ DEFAULT ] } ] [ ,...n ] [ WITH RECOMPILE ] } [;]

Considerations for Using Dynamic SQL

Security Considerations:

SQL Injection Security is checked for every object

Performance Considerations:

Query plan not reused frequently Use sp_executesql for best chance at plan reuse

Performance related to complexity of query

Demonstration: Using Dynamic SQL

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:
Build and execute a query that uses dynamic SQL

Lesson 5: Maintaining Query Files

What Are Versioning and Source Control? Features of Team Foundation Server 2008

What Are Versioning and Source Control?

Versioning Provides a record of changes made Enables retrieval of previous versions

Source Control Enables development teamwork Source files can be checked in/out and merged

Other Benefits
Provides a central location for source file storage Simplifies source file backup procedures

Features of Team Foundation Server 2008

Enabled support for Reporting Services on any server and any port Support for SQL Server 2008 New role for many operations activities

Lab: Using Advanced Querying Techniques

Using Execution Plans Converting Data Types

Implementing a Hierarchy
Using Cursors and Set-Based Queries

Logon information

Virtual machine User name Password

NY-SQL-01 Administrator Pa$$w0rd

Estimated time: 60 minutes

Lab Scenario
You are a Database Administrator at Adventure Works. As part of an effort to analyze database performance, the Senior Database Administrator has asked you to become familiar with query execution plans. In order to do this, you need to know how to view estimated and actual execution plans, as well as save execution plans and view them in XML format. You also need to familiarize yourself with implicit and explicit data type conversions.

Also, you've been asked to create a hierarchy in the database for the Sales department. To do this, you will implement a table using the hierarchyid data type.
You also need to determine whether database updates are more efficient using cursors or set-based queries. To do this, you will use a cursor to update ListPrice data and a set-based query to update StandardCost data in the Production.Product table to see how the two approaches compare.

Lab Review
What is required for a conversion to the XML data type to

succeed?

How do you create the root node of a hierarchy? When using a cursor, how do you retrieve the next row in

the result set?

Module Review and Takeaways

Review Questions Common Issues and Troubleshooting Tips

Best Practices

Course Evaluation