POLLUTION CONTROL IN REFINERIES & PETROCHEMICAL UNITS

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LIQUID WASTES Distillation NH3, H2S, phenols POLLUTION ROUTES Desalting NaCl, Crude oil production & Transportationphenols, Oil spillages H2S Vaccum Phenol & Oil Pollution while processing Distillation Thermal pollution of water bodies. Sour Naphtha hydrotreatin condensate g Catalytic H2S, Hydrotreatin Phenols, g Cyanides 1/4/13

INTRODUCTION

PROCESS

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID EFFLUENTS

In a n average refinery
Waste Free oil H2S & Sulphides Phenols Suspended Solids 5 Day BOD at 20dgC Alkalinity
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Concentration 2000-3000mg/l 10-220 mg/l 12-30 mg/l 200-400 mg/l 100-300 mg/l 10-250 mg/l

In a petrochemical industry
waste
pH Suspended solids Dissolved O2 BOD COD Phenolic compounds

Concentration
5.5-9.0 100 mg/l 5 mg/l 100 mg/l 250 mg/l 1 mg/l

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TREATMENT METHODS
INPLANT MEASURES STEAM STRIPPING OXIDATION REMOVAL OF PHENOLS BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT DISPOSAL OF SLUDGES LIQUID EFFLUENT TREATMENT AIR 1/4/13

POLLUTION CONTROL

INPLANT MEASURES
Proper maintenance of pumps to prevent

water leakages

Isolation of oil-water emulsion stream and

separation by air flotation->COD

use Tilted plate separator

60-80%

Rectangular separator-Gravity settling

Oil droplets impinge , coalesce, & collect on top.

Acids & Coalesce aiding membrane structures Good house keeping
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Tilted plate separator

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Corrugated plate interceptor

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Corrugated plate rack

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Steam stripping
During catalytic reduction & distillation->sour

water containing NH3 , H2S & mercapton are f ormed

To remove this sour water strippers are used. Physico- chemical & biological treatment is

Oxidation

used

Air NH3 stripping at higher pH NH3. water & N2 Sulphides thiosulphates Air as an oxidizing agent
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Removal of phenols
A multistage modified activated sludge

process

Adsorption of phenol on activated charcoal Biological oxidation if specially cultured

microrganisms & optimum conditions exist

Solvent extraction->to recover phenols from

caustic cresylates.

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BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Trickling filters Multistage activated sludge Oxidation ponds Aerated lagoons Anaerobic digestion Ferrobiological process UNOX process Maximum efficiencies for biological treatment1/4/13 >(80-95)%

Oxidation pond
SOUR TASTE PROCES S WATER WATER STRIPP ER SEWE R BASI API N SEPARATO
R RETENTION POND

STORM WATER

ACID/ALKALI NEUTRALIZED WATER

LAGOO N
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OXIDATION POND

Oxidation ponds
Used for the treatment of integral effluents Removal of oil, sulphides, phenols, BOD,

suspended solids. clariflocculator.

Includes API separator, chemical treatment, & Coke-bed separator->removal of fine carbon

particles.

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Sludge disposal
Formation Chemical Sludge Oil water Chemical & separations, Oil precipitation processing Oil Sludge Biological Sludge Biological Oxidation

Processing

Thickening by gravity, centrifugatio n, filtration

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Chemical Anaerobic recovery, digestion for cement biogas manufacture,production land fills, drained.

Treatment of effluents from petrochemicals

Process similar to refinery For chemical recovery

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Air pollution
Air pollutants-H2S, NH3, SO2, NOx,

mercaptons.

1)CONTROL OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE

Recovered to meet shortage & pollution

control.
Acceptable range-50-500 ppm Processes most commonly used & feasible

Cat-OX=>SO->catalyst->SO3->Sulphuric acid Cal-OX=>SO2->Scrubbed with alkaline 1/4/13 solution ->lime regeneration

B) REMOVAL OF H2S
Regenerative Nonregenerative

H2S conc is high CO2 is present

H2S conc is low

Sulphur recovery is not economical. Scrubbed at low T with an alkaline solution in packed plate units

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Processes for removal of H2S

Ethyl Amine Proces combines with CO2
Monoethyl amine-Highest capacity, Diethyl amine- meets most requirements triethyl amine -

-is used for absorption of H2S, CO2.

Absorption efficiency->high at lower temp.

Phosphate process
1/4/13 Dilute potassium phosphate soln as scrubber

K3PO4+H2S

K2HPO4+KHS

Chemicals- nonvolatile & stable

ADSORPTION
By activated carbon, alumina, zeolite, bauxite

or iron oxide
Spent adsorbant regenerated by roasting in

air.

OTHER PROCESSES
Thylox Arsenite arsenate Iron cyanide 1/4/13

REMOVAL OF AMMONIA
Absorption by dilute sulphuric acid Oxidation to NO2->absorption in water-

>HNO3

REMOVAL OF PARTICULATES, NOX & HYDROCARBONS

A). PARTICULATES
Cyclone seperators Scrubbers
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B).Nox
Less air, 2 stage combustion, recirculate part

of flue gas

C).HYDROCARBONS
Cooling & adsorption Disposed of by catalytic or non catalytic

combustion

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THANK YOU

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