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place to another
If a hot body and a cold body are placed in close contact the hot body will transfer some of its heat energy to cold body until
SI unit of heat is joule. One calorie is the amount of heat which will rise the
HEAT TRANSFER
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one place to another without the aid of any material medium. e.x.
heat reaches the earth from the sun.
- In case of solids , increase will be in length, area or volume. - In liquids & gases ,only expansion in volume is possible.
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Acceleration of chemical action Production of potential difference Thermionic Emission Fluid Viscosity Reduction
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SCALES OF TEMPERATURE
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Absolute scale : In this scale ,0 degree is named as absolute 0 and it is denoted as 0 K. - The absolute zero is the temp. at which the molecules will have zero speed.
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Fahrenheit Scale :
- In this scale , the temperature of melting ice is taken as 32 and the temp. of steam as 212
- Relationship between Celsius C and Fahrenheit scale is given by : C = F-32 100 180
Mercury in glass thermometer : uses Fahrenheit scale system Thermister Thermo couple
SPECIFIC HEAT
When a body is heated, its temperature rises. Rise in temp. depends on the quantity of heat given to the body and nature of its material. Let Q quantity of heat given to body of mass m & rise in temp. is ,then Q=mS S is constant depends upon nature of substance known as specific heat ( expressed as JKgK )
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Hygrometry is the science which deals with the study of water vapors in the atmosphere. Evaporation is a slow ,invisible process which takes place from the surface of all liquids at all temperatures. The vapor that is produced when water evaporates from sea ,rivers ,is called water vapor. It mixes with air. It is called humidity. Quantity of water vapor required to saturate the air depends on the temperature. Relative humidity : It is defined as the ratio of water vapor (m) actually present in the air at certain temperature to the quantity of water vapor ( M) required to saturate air at the same temperature. Relative humidity = m/M
The temp. of the human body is maintained by balancing the heat energy gained and heat energy lost.
The oxidation of food stuffs in tissues provide heat energy. Heat energy is lost by conduction ,convection ,radiation and evaporation.
Humidification of inspired air is important for conserving heat. Body also loses heat by expiration. Skin plays a major role in transferring heat by radiation. Human body radiates heat energy by the rate of & KJ/min.
Dry heat is also used for sterilization of glass wares and powders. 9optimal temp. is 160C for effective killing)
APPLICATIONS IN NURSING
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Hot and cold water bath. The water bottles ,saline bottles ,blood bag are made with
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Clothes
Cooking utensils Thermoflask Icebox
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