A Safety Enhanced, High Step-Up DCDC Converter for AC Photovoltaic Module Application

SUBMITTED BY: P.VENKATASUBRAMANIYAM DEPT: M.E POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES BATCH: 2011 2013

GUIDED BY: Ms. T.V. JINCY Asst. Professor

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ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a converter that employs a floating active switch to isolate energy from the PV panel when the ac module is OFF. This particular design protects installers and users from electrical hazards. Without extreme duty ratios and the numerous turns-ratios of a coupled inductor, this converter achieves a high step-up voltage-conversion ratio. The leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor is efficiently recycled to the load.

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ORGANISATION OF WORK
EXISTING SYSTEM PROPOSED SYSTEM MODES OF OPERATION OF PROPOSED SYSTEM SIMULATION OUTPUT OF PROPOSED SYSTEM REFERENCES CONCLUSION

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EXISTING SYSTEM (HIGH STEP UP DC-DC CONVERTER)

DC Voltage Source Vin

Floating active switch S1 Primary Turns of Coupled Inductors N1 Secondary Turns of Coupled Inductors N2 Diodes D1 & D2 Capacitors C1 & C 2 Rectifier diode D3 Output capacitor C3 Load R

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INTERLEAVED HIGH STEP-UP DC-DC CONVERTER (PROPOSED SYSTEM )

DC Voltage Source Floating active switch Vin S1 & S2 Primary Turns of Coupled Inductors N 1 & N3 Secondary Turns of Coupled Inductors N 2 & N4 Diodes Capacitors Rectifier diode Output capacitor Load
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D1, D2, D3 & D4 C1, C2, C3 & C4 D5

C5
R
5

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT POLARITY IN PROPOSED CONVERTER

In order to simplify the circuit analysis the following assumptions are made
The coupled inductor T1 & T2 are represented as a magnetizing inductor Lm & Lm1. Lk1 & Lk2 are Primary & Secondary Leakage Inductors of coupled inductor T1 Lk3 & Lk4 are Primary & Secondary Leakage Inductors of coupled inductor T2

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CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE MODE I (T0 T1)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH DIODE S1 & S2 D2 & D4

CHARGING CAPACITORS C2 & C 4

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MODE I (T0 T1) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

When S1 & S2 are at ON state the magnetizing inductor Lm & Lm1

continuously charges capacitor C2 & C4 through T1 & T2.

The source voltage Vin crosses the magnetizing inductor Lm , Lm1 and primary leakage inductor Lk1 ,Lk3.

The magnetizing inductor Lm & Lm1 transfers its energy through

coupled inductor T1 & T2 to charge switched capacitor C2 & C4. As a result the current ILm & ILm1 is decreases.

In this Mode the charging current ID2, ID4 and IC2 , IC4 decreases.
The Mode Ends When Ilk1 = Ilm & Ilk3 = Ilm1.
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MODE II (T1 T2)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH S1 & S 2 DIODE D5

CHARGING CAPACITORS C5

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MODE II (T1 T2) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

The source voltage Vin crosses the magnetizing inductor Lm ,Lm1, primary leakage inductor Lk1 ,Lk3 and Primary winding N1 & N3 and acts series with secondary winding N2 & N4 of coupled inductor T1 & T2, Capacitor C1, C2, C3 & C4.

Magnetizing inductor Lm & Lm1 is also receiving energy from Vin.

The energy is finally discharged to Output Capacitor C5 and Load R. As a result the current ILm & ILm1, Ilk1 & Ilk3, Rectifier Diode Current Id5

are increasing.
This mode ends when switch S1 & S2 are turned OFF.
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MODE III (T2 T3)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS CHARGING CAPACITORS SWITCH DIODE All SWITCHES ARE IN OFF STATE D1, D3, D5 C1, C3 & C5

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MODE III (T2 T3) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

As the switches S1 & S2 are in OFF state Energy of secondary leakage inductor Lk2 & Lk4 is series connected with C2 & C4 to charge output capacitor C5 and the load R. Energy stored in Primary leakage inductor Lk1 & Lk3 flows through diode D1 & D3 to charge capacitor C1 & C3. Ilm & Ilm1 are increasing because magnetizing inductor Lm and Lm1 is receiving energy from Lk1 & Lk3. Diode D1 and D3 are conducting This Mode ends when Leakage Current ILk2 & ILK4 decreases to zero.

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MODE IV (T3 T4)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH DIODE

CHARGING CAPACITORS

All SWITCHES ARE D1, D2, D3 IN OFF STATE & D4 C1, C2, C3 & C4

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MODE IV (T3 T4) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

The leakage energy from the Leakage inductor Lk1 & Lk2 flows through the diodes D1 & D3 keeps charging capacitor C1 & C3 as a result Currents ILk1, ILK3 and ID1, ID3 are continually decreasing. The Lm & Lm1 is delivering its energy through T1 ,T2 and D2, D4 to charge capacitor C2 & C4.

Diodes D1, D2, D3 & D4 are conducting.

The energy stored in output capacitor C5 is constantly discharged to the load R.

These energy transfers result in decrease of ILk1, ILK3 and ILm, ILm1 but
increases in ILk2 & ILk4 . This mode ends when current ILk1 and ILK3 reaches zero.
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MODE V (T4 T5)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH All SWITCHES ARE IN OFF STATE DIODE

CHARGING CAPACITORS

D2 & D4

C2 & C 4

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MODE V (T4 T5) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Magnetizing inductor Lm & Lm1 are constantly releasing its energy to C2 & C4. Diode D2 is conducting The magnetizing inductor energy flows through the secondary winding of the coupled inductor N2 ,N4 and D2, D4 continues to charge capacitor C2. As a result the iLm & iLm1 are decreasing. The energy stored in capacitor C3 is constantly discharged to the load R. This mode ends when switch S1 is turned ON.

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WAVEFORM OF PROPOSED CONVERTERS AT CCM OPERATION

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WAVEFORM OF PROPOSED CONVERTERS AT CCM OPERATION

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DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE MODE I (T0 T1)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH S1 & S 2 DIODE D5

CHARGING CAPACITORS C5

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MODE I (T0 T1) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

The source voltage Vin crosses the magnetizing inductor Lm ,Lm1, primary leakage inductor Lk1 ,Lk3 and Primary winding N1 & N3 and acts series with secondary winding N2 & N4 of coupled inductor T1 & T2, Capacitor C1, C2, C3 & C4.

Magnetizing inductor Lm & Lm1 is also receiving energy from Vin.

The energy is finally discharged to Output Capacitor C5 and Load R. As a result the current ILm & ILm1, Ilk1 & Ilk3, Rectifier Diode Current Id5

are increasing.
This mode ends when switch S1 & S2 are turned OFF.
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MODE II (T1 T2)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS CHARGING CAPACITORS SWITCH DIODE All SWITCHES ARE IN OFF STATE D1, D3, D5 C1, C3 & C5

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MODE II (T1 T2) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

As the switches S1 & S2 are in OFF state Energy of secondary leakage inductor Lk2 & Lk4 is series connected with C2 & C4 to charge output capacitor C5 and the load R. Energy stored in Primary leakage inductor Lk1 & Lk3 flows through diode D1 & D3 to charge capacitor C1 & C3. Ilm & Ilm1 are increasing because magnetizing inductor Lm and Lm1 is receiving energy from Lk1 & Lk3. Diode D1 and D3 are conducting This Mode ends when Leakage Current ILk2 & ILK4 decreases to zero.

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MODE III (T2 T3)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH DIODE

CHARGING CAPACITORS

All SWITCHES ARE D1, D2, D3 IN OFF STATE & D4 C1, C2, C3 & C4

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MODE III (T2 T3) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

The leakage energy from the Leakage inductor Lk1 & Lk2 flows through the diodes D1 & D3 keeps charging capacitor C1 & C3 as a result Currents ILk1, ILK3 and ID1, ID3 are continually decreasing. The Lm & Lm1 is delivering its energy through T1 ,T2 and D2, D4 to charge capacitor C2 & C4.

Diodes D1, D2, D3 & D4 are conducting.

The energy stored in output capacitor C5 is constantly discharged to the load R.

These energy transfers result in decrease of ILk1, ILK3 and ILm, ILm1 but
increases in ILk2 & ILk4 . This mode ends when current ILk1 and ILK3 reaches zero.
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MODE IV (T3 T4)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH All SWITCHES ARE IN OFF STATE DIODE

CHARGING CAPACITORS

D2 & D4

C2 & C 4

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MODE IV (T3 T4) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Magnetizing inductor Lm & Lm1 are constantly releasing its energy to C2 & C4. Diodes D2 & D4 are conducting The magnetizing inductor energy flows through the secondary winding of the coupled inductor N2 ,N4 and D2, D4 continues to charge capacitor C2. As a result the ILm & ILm1 are decreasing. The energy stored in capacitor C3 is constantly discharged to the load R. This mode ends when switch S1 is turned ON.

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MODE V (T4 T5)

CONDUCTING COMPONENTS SWITCH DIODE

CHARGING CAPACITORS

All THE COMPONENTS ARE IN OFF STATE

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MODE V (T4 T5) OPERATING PRINCIPLE

All active components are turned OFF. Only the energy stored in OUTPUT capacitor C5 is continued to be discharged to the load R This mode ends when switch S1 & S2 are turned ON

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WAVEFORM OF PROPOSED CONVERTERS AT DCM OPERATION

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WAVEFORM OF PROPOSED CONVERTERS AT DCM OPERATION

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SIMULATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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SIMULATION OUTPUT
INPUT VOLTAGE

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INPUT CURRENT

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OUTPUT VOLTAGE

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INPUT VOLTAGE (VS) OUTPUT VOLTAGE

INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE THD%

15V 30V 45V

45V 75V 110V

61.86% 61.65% 61.03%

60V

140V

61.53%

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REFERENCES
SL No 1 2 3 Topic Long-lifetime power inverter for photovoltaic ac modules Switched-capacitor/ switched- inductor structures for getting transformerless hybrid dcdc PWM converters High boost converter using voltage multiplier Flyback-type single-phase utility interactive inverter with power pulsation decoupling on the dc input for an ac photovoltaic module system Submitted by C. Rodriguez and G. A. J. Amaratunga Submitted Year 2008 2008 2005

B. Axelrod, Y. Berkovich, and A. Ioinovici

J. W. Baek, M. H. Ryoo, T. J. Kim, D. W. Yoo, and J. S. Kim K.Wada , T. Shimizu, , and N.Nakamura

2006

5
6

High-efficiency, high step-up dcdc Q. Zhao and F. C. Lee converters Review of non-isolated high-step-up dc/dc converters in photovoltaic grid-connected W. Li and X. He applications Soft-switched interleaved boost converters Y. Park, S. Choi,W. Choi, and K. for high step-up and high power B. Lee applications

2003
2011

2011

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CONCLUSION
The proposed converter achieves high step-up voltage gain, of up to 3 times the level of input voltage. The energy of the coupled inductors leakage inductor has been recycled. The improvements to the efficiency of the proposed converter have been achieved.

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