Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST

EE 802-Advanced Digital Signal

Processing
Dr. Amir A. Khan
Office : A-218, SEECS
9085-2162; amir.ali@seecs.edu.pk
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
Lecture Outline
FIR Filter Design
Kaiser Window
Optimal Equiripple Design Technique
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
Kaiser Window FIR Design
Main drawback of the conventional windows
single parameter M to control in the design procedure
trial and error method to exactly fit in the approximations

Kaiser window design presents a more systematic approach
Kaiser window





Two controlling parameters give more flexibility :
M and |
2 1/ 2
0
0
[ (1 [( ) / ] ) ]
0
[ ] ( )
0 otherwise
I n
n M
w n I
| o o
|

s s

/ 2 M o =
0
( ) I
where
is the zero
th
-order modified Bessel function of the first kind
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
Kaiser Window Properties
M fixed, as | increases we have a narrower window for same M
M fixed, as | increases, (1) main lobe becomes wider;
(2) peak side lobe attenuation reduced
| fixed, as M increases, (1) main lobe becomes narrower;
(2) Peak side lobe unaffected
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
Kaiser Window Design Procedure
Kaiser empirically derived some very useful design results
Given the passband edge of a LPF with requirement


Given the stopband cut-off frequency with requirement


Compute :

Find :

p
e
1 ( ) 1
j
H e
e
o o s s +
s
e
( )
j
H e
e
o s
10
20log A o =
p s
e e e = A
0.4
0.1102( 8.7) >50
0.5842 0.07886( 21) 21 50 ( 21)
0 21
A A
A A A
A
|

= + s s

<

e A

=
285 . 2
8 A
M
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
Kaiser Window Design Summary
For an ideal LP filter, the discontinuity in its frequency response is smeared as the
main lobe of the FT of the window slides across the discontinuity during convolution
Width of resulting transition band depends on width of the main lobe
Passband and stopband ripples depend on side lobes of the FT of the window
The maximum passband and stopband deviations do not depend on M
Can be changed only by changing the shape of the window used
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
Low-Pass Filter Design Ex.
2 1/ 2
0
0
sin ( ) [ (1 [( ) / ] ) ]
, 0
[ ] ( ) ( )
0, otherwise
c
n I n
n M
h n n I
e o | o o
t o |

s s

Approximation error
(Desired Designed)
Frequency response
of designed filter
1 2
0.4 , 0.6 , 0.01, 0.001
p s
e t e t o o = = = =
1 2
min( , ) 0.001 o o o = =
10
20log 60 A o = =
From equations |5.653 and M37
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
High-Pass Filter Design Ex.
( )
hp
/ 2
0,
,
c
j
j M
c
H e
e
e
e
e e
e e t

<

=

< s

( ) ( )
/ 2
hp lp
j j M j
H e e H e
e e e
=
| |
( )
( )
( )
( )
hp
sin / 2 sin / 2
,
/ 2 / 2
c
n M n M
h n n
n M n M
t e
t t

= < <

2
( )
j
s
H e
e
o e e s s
1 1
1 ( ) 1
j
p
H e
e
o o e e t s s + s s
1 2
0.35 , 0.5 , 0.02
s p
e t e t o o o = = = = =
33.98 A=
2.6 and 24 M | = =
(0.35 0.5 ) / 2
c
e t t =
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
High-Pass Filter Design Ex.
Approximation error
Frequency response
of designed filter with
Type II-not correct
Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST
Multiband Filter
Ideal frequency response for multiband filter
| | ( )
( )
( )
mb
mb 1
1
sin / 2
/ 2
N
k
k k
k
n M
h n G G
n M
e
t
+
=

Lecture 25 EE-802 ADSP SEECS-NUST

Window Design Issues
Windowing technique is simple and straight forward but
Distortions in the passband and stopband are equal and
cannot be specified simultaneously
there may be more stringent requirements in the stopband
Approximation error (b/w desired and designed freq.
response) is not uniformly distributed
distortion is large near the discontinuities in the frequency
response
Overall result is a relatively higher order filter
Distributing the error uniformly results in a lower order
filter meeting the desired specifications