SPECIFICATION AND COST ESTIMATION BRICK WORK

PRESENTED BY: SEC A: FARZANA. HEERA JERINE, SEC B: DEVATHARANI ELAVENIL

Brick
Brick walls are constructed by joining bricks with cement mortar in arrangements called English Bond, Flemish Bond or Rat Trap Bond. All construction systems of brick walls are such devised that vertical cross joints in any layers are staggered. The bricks thus bonded form a solid mass that does not split when the wall is loaded with live loads and dead loads. The nominal size of bricks (F.P.S) shall be 22.9 X 11.4 X7cm (9" X 4 1/2 X 2 3/4" ). Permissible tolerance on dimensions shall be + 3mm. in length and + 1.5 mm in width /thickness

 First class brick work is made by using first class bricks and cement mortar. This brick work is used for load bearing walls. It is made in rich mortar in which the cement and sand ratio is from 1:3 to 1: 6. First class bricks are identified by their uniform color and a ringing sound when struck. First class bricks do not absorb water more than 1/6 of their weight. First class bricks have a minimum crushing strength of 105.kg. Per sq. cm

First Class Brick Work

Second Class Brick Work

Second class bricks work is made by using second class bricks and cement mortar. These bricks also have the property of first class bricks but are not very regular or even in shape. These bricks should not be used for load bearing walls for more than two storey buildings. Second class bricks have minimum crushing strength 70.kg per sq. meter

Third Class Brick Work

This type of brick work is made by using third class bricks and cement mortar or mud mortar.

Mortar
Mortar is a mix used to bind brick, stone etc to each other. It can thus be seen as a binding material that bonds bricks, stones to make a wall or for cladding purpose. Cement mortar is used in brickwork in present day construction though lime mortar can also be used but it requires superior craftsmanship and is hence infrequently used.

Cement Mortar
Cement mortar is a mix of cement and sand with water. The cement is binding material which requires sand as a filler material. This cement mortar mix in wet state is plastic and binds two materials when it dries. Mortar is generally defined as 1:2 or 1:3 etc. This means that one part of cement is mixed with 2 or 3 parts of sand.

Precaution for mixing cement mortar

The following steps should be taken carefully while mixing materials for cement mortar. The mix should be made on a dry, clean, flat surface. The mix should be as per specifications. The mix should be by volume. The quantity of water should be such that the mix can be easily spread over bricks or applied on a vertical surface. Water more then required quantity may spoil the mix and it can reduce the strength of masonry. The mix should be used within half an hour of its preparation.

Brick Wall Foundations

Brick wall foundations are normally made as strip foundations. These are continuous along the length of wall. The architect needs to provide a foundation plan that indicates exactly where the foundation trenches are to be dug. The foundation trenches are dug after being marked on center line principle on the site according to architects drawings. The size of trench varies with the thickness of walls and the load bearing capacity of the soil. This is normally 6 to 8 inches thick. Base concrete layers or courses of bricks are laid to create a stepped base that would help in distributing the load over a larger surface of the foundation.

Precautions during construction of brick wall foundations

The marking of foundations must be absolutely accurate as the location of walls depends on these markings. The trenches should not be dug in rainy season. The bricks, mortar mix and cement concrete mix should be as per specifications. The width and depth of the trenches depends on loading and soil conditions. As the foundation is an expanded base to distribute the load coming on it over a large area on ground. The width of the wall foundation depends on whether the wall is a load bearing wall, a non load bearing wall, a partition wall or a toe wall.

Specifications
If size is lesser than specified one, Extra cement consumed due to more number of joints. The plastering to be done is more than the specified thickness to bring the plaster surface to perfect line, level ad plumb with adjoining columns, beams walls etc. Bricks shall generally conform to IS 1077-1970.

The walls that support beams and roof slabs. These walls take the load of super structure and transmit it to the ground through foundation. These can also serve the purpose of dividing the space into required rooms etc. These are also accommodating door and windows where required. These are of 9 or more thickness. Such walls are made in first class bricks and rich mortar.

Load Bearing Walls

Non Load Bearing Walls

These walls serve the purpose of dividing the space into required rooms etc. These are also accommodating door and windows where required. These can be made into thin sections to save the space. Non load bearing walls are only partition having no load of super structure so these can be easily changed whenever required to change the space of the room. These walls are made 3 inches, 4.5 inches and 9 inches thick as per the requirement of the site.

MASONRY BRICK WORK (i) For brick masonry in superstructure add extra to wards extra labour and scaffolding to the rate in foundation (ii) For brick arch masonry work not exceeding 1.5m. Span add extra for scaffolding and centering to the rate for brick work in Superstructure. (iii) For brick masonry in well steining add extra towards extra labor for scaffolding and lowering materials to the rate in foundation and plinth. (iv) For brick masonry in item for first floor and subsequent higher floors add 15 percent extra labour over and above the rates of next lower floor. (v) For honey comb brick masonry in first floor and subsequent higher floors add 15 percent extra labour over and above the rates of next lower floor. (vi) For brick masonry with different quality of bricks add or subtract the difference in cost of bricks from respective items of rates. (vii) For brick masonry with 23cm.11cm.8cm. Size brick 400 nos. of bricks are required for one cum. of masonry. Labour and material components remain the same in that for respective items of brick masonry with 25cm.12cm.8cm. size bricks. (viii) For brick masonry work below ground level beyond 1.5m. and upto 4.5m. depth add 15 percent extra labour over and above the rates of the respective items for lowering the material. (ix) For brick masonry work below ground level beyond 4.5 m. and upto 7.5m. depth add 20 percent extra labour over and above the rates of the respective items for lowering the material. (x) 10 percent excess on the above rates will be allowed in works being execution and Mud walling per 1cum clay mortar (paddle, clay mixed with sand in suitable proportion)

REINFORCED BRICK WORK: (i) For R.B. work in 1st floor and subsequent floor, add 15% extra labour over and above the rates of the next lower floor (ii) For centering and shuttering for R.B. work in 1st floorand subsequent upper floor, add 20 per cent extra to the rates of centering & shuttering over & above the rates in the next lower floor (iii) Rates for concrete items have been arrived on the assumption that hand broken chips have been utilised. If crushere broken chips are to be utilised, necessary addition to the rates may be effected. (iv) For brick masonry work below ground level and beyond 1.5m and upto 4.5m depth add 15 per cent extra labour over and above the rates of the respective item for lowering the materials. (v) For brick masonry work below ground level and beyond 4.5m and upto 7.5m depth add 20 percent extra abour over and above the rates of the respective item for lowering the materials. (vi) 10 per cent excess on the above rates will be allowed for the work being executed in site.

SUPER STRUCTURE

The word super structure used in construction work means/denotes following. Brick work from DPC level to the roof level/slab level. If columns provided in drawings then RCC columns to be laid. Rain water pipe is to be embedded in walls. Fixing doors, windows and ventilators frames in walls. RCC (Reinforced Beam & slab for roof) including M S Steel bars according to the designs. Tile terracing lay with brick tiles on the top of the roof slab. Fixing doors and windows shutters. Fixing cupboard in the rooms and Kitchen etc.

Workmanship
Four courses of brick work with four joints should not exceed by more than 40mm the same bricks piled one over the other without mortar. Brick work shall not be raised more than 10 courses a day unless otherwise approved by the Engineer-in-charge. The brick work shall be kept wet for at least 7 days. Brick work shall be uniformly raised around and no part shall be raised more than 1.0 metre above another at any time. The joints of brick work to be plastered shall be raked out to a depth not less than 10mm as the work proceeds. The adhesion between the brick masonry surface the concrete surface of columns, etc. should be proper by ensuring that the concrete surface coming in contact with brick masonry is backed, cleaned and cement slurry is applied so that a proper bond is achieved between the two dissimilar materials.

All the courses shall be laid truly horizontal and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical. Specified mortar of good and approved quality shall be used. Lime shall not be used where reinforcement is provided in brick work. In construction of the wall, first of all two end corners are carefully laid to line and level ad then in between portion is built. A set of tools comprising of wooden straight edge, masonry spirit level, square, 1 meter rule line and plumb shall be kept on the site of work for every 3 masons for proper check during the progress of work. Brick work shall be well watered / cured throughout the day for at least a week from the date of building and the work shall be protected from sub and rain. The wall shall be stiffened by providing with 2 nos. 6mm diameter M.S. or as specified in the schedule as bottom reinforcement

Rates of brick work

Providing and fixing necessary single or double scaffolding and removing the same after the work is completed. Watering, curing, lifting of material to any height. Raking out of joints to receive plaster. Forming slab sittings, cutting or leaving holes for lugs of windows, doors, sills, switch and plug boxes etc. Making good all holes, chases etc. to any depth due to conduit pipes, holdfasts, bolts, switch and plug boxes etc. Bedding and pointing precast lintels, sills etc. in or on walls. For the purpose of measurements, the thickness of one brick wall ad over shall be taken in terms of multiples of half brick.

For Brick work measured in Cubic Metres : The contract rate shall be for a unit of one cubic metre of brick masonry as actually done. For measurement purpose, thickness of single brick wall shall be taken as 215 mm. irrespective of thickness used. Brick walls of more than one brick thickness shall be measured as per actual thickness constructed. All opening in brick work for doors, windows and ventilators shall be deducted to get the net quantity of actual brick work done. Opening or chases required for P.H. or electrical inserts less than 0.1 sqm. And bearing of precast concrete members shall not be deducted.

For Brick work measured in square metre : Half brick thick masonry walls shall be measured in sqm. All openings in brick work for doors and windows and windows ad ventilators shall be deducted to get the net quantity of actual work done. Openings of chases required for P.H. or Electric inserts less than 0.1 sqm. And bearing of precast concrete members shall not be deducted. No extra payment shall be made for extra work involved in making the above openings or placements.

Indian standards:
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Indian Standard 1077-1986 1200(pt.III)-1976 2116-1980 2212-1962 2250-1981 3102-1971 Subject Common burnt clay building bricks Method of measurements of brick work Sand for masonry mortars Code of practice for brick work Code of practice for preparation & use of masonry Mortar Classification of burnt clay solid bricks

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3495-1976
5454-1978

Method of test for clay building work

Method for sampling for sampling of clay building bricks