Final Exam Review

Jan 9: Know where frozen freshwater is and how much; which continents have the largest amounts of groundwater; areas in NA with water scarcity Jan 16: Review use of :Roman aqueducts, Qanats, Shadufs; oldest canals; canal use in N.A.; Earths Energy Budget; evaporation; discharge equation Jan 23: Review water usage of industrial, agricultural and domestic; advantages / disadvantages of dams; why transfer water?; power generation capabilities of Columbia River; watersheds; river morphology; soil horizons; irrigation and soil quality Jan 30: % of US lakes polluted; difference between point/non-point source pollution; amount of dissolved oxygen needed for life; Grasshopper Effect; Areas of highest nitrogen concentration (Fig. 5.1 p 51 in text); oil sands recovery Feb 27: North America virtual water exports and imports; highest global water footprints; grey, blue and green water;

Final Exam Review

Great Lakes Know basic facts and main characteristics (populations, amount of water, size, depth, retention time, minerals, drainage, pollution issues) Affects of climate change Why people settled on the lakes; pre-contact first nations Review basic facts of: International Joint Commission, Boundary Waters Treaty, Water Quality Agreements (1972, 1978, 1987, 2011-12) Review health issues from Beloved Community Issues with fisheries, deforestation Water contamination (Hamilton, Milwaukee and Chicago) Randle Reef Sea lamprey, invasive species and contamination of animals in the Great Lakes (increasing or decreasing) Know where Areas of Concern are located (most/least and why) Diversion projects

Final Exam Review

March 19: Cutting demand; water saving technologies; soft path solutions; rainwater harvesting; methods and costs of desalination; eco-cities (how are they sustainable? Re-read p 276-279 in text); groundwater reservoirs March 26: Basics of: Doppler, Landsat, GRACE, WHYCOS; countries extracting groundwater (slide 8, table 1);Black Swan Events; Integrated Basin Management; Definitions of sustainability; review El Nino/ENSO-what it is, what does it do, how often it comes, impacts, correlations (lecture, video and p 374 in text)

Final Exam Review

April 2: What world bank funds; UN Millennium Goals; arguments about aid Videos- Blue Gold (results of water extraction); Interview with Vandava Shiva (poverty and population) Text: Blue Boxes p 284: Aquifer Storage and Recovery; p 330: Water sustainability on small tropical and subtropical islands; p 358: WHYCOS; p 360 GTN-R; p362: UN WWAP; p 371: The Nile; p 389: The contemporary customary international law of water resources; p392: The public nature of water; p394: Gender, water and sanitation