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SPS211/FSRUiTM
Capillary Supply
Increase in the number of capillaries surrounding each muscle fibers (capillarization) Endurance trained athletes have 5-10% more capillaries in their leg muscle compare to sedentary Having more capillaries allows greater exchange of gases, heat, wastes, & nutrient between the blood and the working muscle fibers
SPS211/FSRUiTM
Myoglobin Content
When O2 enters the muscle fibers, it binds with myoglobin. This iron containing compound shuttles O2 molecules from the cell membrane to the mitochondria. The ST fibers contain large quantities of myoglobin (red appearance) The ST fibers contain large quantities of myoglobin (white appearance) Endurance training have been shown to increase myoglobin content by 75-80%
SPS211/FSRUiTM
Mitochondrial Function
Skeletal muscle mitochondria increase both in number (15%) and size (35%) with aerobic training, providing the muscle more efficient oxidative metabolism
SPS211/FSRUiTM
Oxidative Enzymes
Endurance training increase succinate dehyrogenase (SDH) Jogging 20min/day 25% increment in SDH
SPS211/FSRUiTM
SPS211/FSRUiTM
SPS211/FSRUiTM
SPS211/FSRUiTM
Efficiency of movement
Training at high speeds improves your skill and your coordination for performing at higher intensities Anaerobic training optimizes fiber recruitment to allow more efficient movement Training at fast speeds with heavy loads improves your efficiency, economizing your use of muscle energy supply
SPS211/FSRUiTM
Aerobic Energetics
Anaerobic training doesnt stress only the anaerobic energy systems. Part of the energy needed for sprints that last at least 30s is derived from oxidative metabolism. Consequently, repeated bouts of sprint type exercise (30s maximal effort bouts) also increase the muscle aerobic capacity.
SPS211/FSRUiTM
Buffering Capacity
muscle buffering capacity is increased by anaerobic training, allowing the achievement of higher muscle & blood lactate levels. Buffers (e.g., bicarbonate and muscle phosphates) combine with hydrogen can reduce fibers acidity (delay onset of fatigue) Anaerobic training have been shown to increase muscle buffering capacity by 12% to 50%.
SPS211/FSRUiTM
SPS211/FSRUiTM
BL (mmol.L-1)
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Trained Untrained
40
50
60
70
80
90 100
% VO2max
SPS211/FSRUiTM