THEORY OF PERSONALITY:

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF SIGMUND FREUD

Swati Dehariya Roll No. 43101 MBA(FT)

SIGMUND FREUD
Birth: May 6,1856,Moravia,Vienna

40 yrs. : Lived in Vienna until Nazi occupation in 1938

Medical background : Graduate in Medicine wanted to do neurophysiological research Associates:Josef Breuer and AnnaO.

Private practice: nervous and brain disorders

1938: Nazi attack, fled to England

Death: Sept. 23,1939 of jaw cancer

What is PERSONALITY?

Psychology defines Personality as: The distinct patterns of feelings,thoughts and behaviour that characterize a persons adjustment to the demands of life.

FREUDS VIEW OF HUMAN MIND: MENTAL ICE BERG

MAJOR SYSTEMS OF PERSONALITY

ID EGO SUPER-EGO Behavior is nearly always the product of interaction among the three

ID
THE TRUE PSYCHIC REALITY

ORIGINAL SYSTEM of Personality

Consists everything inherited including INSTINCTS Reservoir of PSYCHIC ENERGY Works on PLEASURE PRINCIPLE: Discharge tension and return at comfortable state Reflex Action Primary Process

THE EGO
EXECUTIVE part of personality
DISTINGUISHES things in mind and things in external world Obeys REALITY PRINCIPLE: Prevent discharge of tension until an object for the satisfaction of the need has been discovered Operates by means of Secondary Process Reality Testing Super ordinate Objective: Maintain the life of individual Reproduce

THE SUPEREGO
The MORALIST and IDEALISTIC arm of the personality Provides STANDARDS (as per family a & society) for judgment and for future aspirations
Two Subsystems: CONSCIENCE EGO-IDEAL Introjection : mechanism by which incorporation takes place

Main Functions: Inhibit impulses of Id Persuade ego to substitute moralistic goals for realistic ones Strive for perfection

The Personality normally functions as a whole rather than three separate segments

ID, the biological component EGO, the psychological component SUPER-EGO, the social component

THE DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY

PSYCHIC ENERGY:

Displaceable
INSTINCTS

Features: Source,Aim,Oject,Impetus Objective: Regressive & Conservative The object may change but source & aim do not resulting in INSTINCT DERIVATIVE Types: Life instinct & Death Instinct

THE DISTRIBUTION & UTILIZATION OF PSYCHIC ENERGY

OBJECT-CHOICE or OBJECT CATHEXIS

IDENTIFICATION

ANTI-CATHEXES
Freud used to say, Psychoanalysis is a dynamic [conception], which traces mental life back to an interplay between forces that favour or inhibit one another.

ANXIETY

Overwhelmed by excessive stimulation that the ego is unable to bring under control,the ego becomes flooded with anxiety
Types: Reality Anxiety Neurotic Anxiety Moral Anxiety When the ego can not cope with anxiety by rational methods it has to fall back upon unrealistic ones. These are called DEFENCE MECHANISMS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY

The child is the father of the man
Personality develops in response to four major sources of tension: 1) 2) 3) 4) Physiological growth processes Frustrations Conflicts Threats

Two methods by which the individual learns to resolve frustrations, conflicts, and anxiety i) IDENTIFICATION: select and incorporate ii) DISPLACEMENT: leads to SUBLIMATION and also nervousness or restlessness

DEFENCE MECHANISMS
Common Characteristics: 1)They deny, falsify or distort reality 2) Operate unconsciously

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
ORAL STAGE: 0 to 18 months

Pleasure centering around the mouth (sucking, biting etc)

Focus: weaning- becoming less dependent

Not resolved: Aggression or Dependency later in life

Fixation with oral activities (smoking, drinking, nail biting etc. Acquiring Knowledge or Possessions

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
ANAL STAGE: 18 to 35 months

Fixation on bowel and bladder elimination that results in relief Its the first decisive experience with the external regulation of instinctual impulse
Focus: search for control Not resolved: Anal retentive (rigid and obsessive personality) or Anal expulsive (messy and disorganized personality) Creativity and Productivity

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
PHALLIC STAGE: 3 to 6 years
Pleasure zone is the genitals Focus: genital area and difference between males and females Oedipus Complex (boys): sexual cathexes for mother and a hostile cathexes for father Electra Complex (girls): sexual cathexes for father and a hostile cathexes for mother Explanation for Homosexuality: every person is inherently bisexual

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
LATENCY STAGE: 6 years to puberty

Sexual interest is repressed

Begins to love others for altruistic motives

Kids play with same sex others-- until puberty

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
GENITAL STAGE: puberty and beyond

Sexual attraction, Socialization, Group activities, Marrying, Family

Reality-oriented Socialized adult Cathexes for oral, anal and phallic stages become fused with genital impulses Principal biological function: Reproduction

CRITICISM
Pathology based theory

No controlled studies-poor research

Process of psychoanalysis interviewing- exhibit preconceived notions and biases

Obsessed with sex and aggression

Theory is bad: can not be made to have empirical consequences Deficient in relational rules for arriving at any precise expectation Silent on measuring cathexes and anti cathexes quantitatively

BIBLIOGRAPHY
THEORY OF PERSONALITY by C.S HALL: IMS Library
homepage.psy.utexas.edu /homepage/class/.../301lecture.ppt

THANK YOU