WELCOME

Dr Sushil Kumar MBBS, MD ( Physiology) Associate Professor Date 04/ 09/ 2012

Objectives

What is physiology? levels of organization A review of the organ systems

 The term physiology is derived from GREEK word PHYSIOLOGIA functions of the living organism. Physiology is defined as the study of functions. So human physiology attempts to explain how and why humans body functions.

Physiology is

the study of the function of all animals and plants in their normal state. an integrative science

Levels of Organization

Organelle

Levels of Structure

Cell

Tissue

Organ

Organ System

Organism

A review of the organ systems

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Integumentary System

Structures:
Skin, hair, sweat and oil glands

Functions:
Forms the external body covering Protects deeper tissues from injury Involved in vitamin D synthesis Prevents desiccation, heat loss, and pathogen entry Site of pain and pressure receptors

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skeletal System
Structures:
The 206 bones of the human body

Functions:
Protects and supports body organs Provides a framework that muscles can use to create movement Hemopoiesis (synthesis of blood cells) Mineral storage Bone contains 99% of the bodys stored mineral

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Muscular System
Structures:
The 600+ muscles of the body

Functions:
Locomotion Maintaining posture Thermogenesis (generation of heat)

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Nervous System
Structures:
Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Functions:
Fast-acting control system of the body Monitoring of the internal and external environment and responding (when necessary) by initiating muscular or glandular activity

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Cardiovascular System

Structures:
Heart, Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)

Functions:
The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels. Blood provides the transport medium for nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids), gases (O2, CO2), wastes (urea), signaling molecules (hormones), and heat.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Lymphatic/Immune System
Structures:
Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes Spleen, Thymus, Red bone marrow

Functions:
Returning leaked fluid back to the bloodstream, Disposal of debris Attacking and resisting foreign invaders (pathogens i.e., disease-causing organisms)

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory System
Structures:
Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Functions:
Constantly supply the blood with O2, and remove CO2 Regulate blood pH

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Digestive System
Structures:
Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Functions:
Ingestion and subsequent breakdown of food into absorbable units that will enter the blood for distribution to the bodys cells

URINARY SYSTEM

Urinary System

Structures: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Functions: Removal of nitrogenous wastes Regulation of bodys levels of water, electrolytes, and acidity

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Endocrine System
Structures:
Hormone-secreting glands Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Small Intestine, Stomach, Testes, Ovaries, Kidneys,

Functions:
Long-term control system of the body Regulates growth, reproduction, and nutrient use among other things.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Reproductive System
Structures:
Male: Testes, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, penis Female: Ovary, uterine tube, uterus, cervix, vagina, mammary glands

Functions:
Production of offspring

Suggestions
Be punctual & regular reading. Dont miss any lecture. Keep two dictionaries during study 1. English to Gujarati and 2. Medical dictionary Pick up the time by the forceps then success will be your.

Thanks