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LINK DESIGN
FOR NETWORK EXPANSION
OF COMPANY X IN BAY,
LAGUNA
TO LUMBAN, LAGUNA
VIA PILA AND MAGDALENA
AKYAT BAHAY
Researchers:
Caritos, Benille Maria Ariza A.
Hagacer, Elmon Christopher O.
INTRODUCTION
What is Company X?
A mobile telecommunication service provider
in the Philippines
It
is
currently
the
third
largest
telecommunications
company
in
the
Philippines
Pioneered the intra-network unlimited wireless
services in the Philippines
Technical studies
Site Location
Site
A
B
C
D
Location
Brgy. Masaya, Bay, Laguna
Brgy. Tubuan, Pila, Laguna
Brgy. Munting Ambling,
Magdalena, Laguna
Brgy. Bagong Silang,
Lumban, Laguna
Latitude
14 9'5.20"N
1413'47.29"N
Longitude
12116'57.59"E
12120'44.11"E
1412'26.31"N
12126'18.51"E
1417'56.09"N
12128'16.77"E
Terrain Type
One Lane Wide Road
Swamp, Rice Fields
Streams
Orchard; Scattered Trees
Densely Built-Up Areas
Sparsely To Moderately Built-Up Areas
Railroad
Woodland; Tropical Grass
1st Hop
2nd Hop
3rd Hop
Location
Bay to Pila
Pila to Magdalena
Magdalena
to Lumban
11km
10km
11km
Height of Highest
Possible
Obstruction
17m
49m
51m
Possible Obstruction
First Hop
Possible Obstruction
Second Hop
Possible Obstruction
Third Hop
Parameters
1st Hop
2nd Hop
3rd Hop
Azimuth
375339.41
755736
19941.81
217 5434.99
2555848
199120
15.13m
12.5 m
15.13m
Minimum
Elevation
Frequency Selection
The operating frequency is the
average of 7.125 GHz 7.750 GHz
which is 7.44 GHz. This frequency
arrangement
is
under
the
International
Telecommunications
Union Regulation (ITU-R).
K Factor
The researchers considered K-factor
equal to 4/3 to provide the best
improvement in the present company
system.
Distance from
Pila (km)
Path Elevation
(m)
Earth Bulge
(m) using
k=4/3
Ground
Elevation (m)
Average height
of Trees (m)
Total Height of
Obstruction
(THO) (m)
Terrain Type
(m)
11
18
18
18
site (Bay)
0.31
10.69
17
0.194935294
17.19493529
25
42.19493529
scattered trees
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
13
11
8
7
5
5
7
7
0.588235294
1.058823529
1.411764706
1.647058824
1.764705882
1.764705882
1.647058824
1.411764706
13.58823529
12.05882353
9.411764706
8.647058824
6.764705882
6.764705882
8.647058824
8.411764706
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
38.58823529
37.05882353
34.41176471
33.64705882
31.76470588
31.76470588
33.64705882
33.41176471
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
rice field
1.058823529
7.058823529
25
32.05882353
scattered trees
10
0.588235294
5.588235294
25
30.58823529
11
Legend:
Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations
populated
place
site (Pila)
Distance from
Magdalena
(km)
Path Elevation
(m)
Earth Bulge
(m) using
k=4/3
Ground
Elevation (m)
Average height
of Trees (m)
Total Height of
Obstruction
(THO) (m)
Terrain Type
(m)
0
1
2
3
10
9
8
7
6
8
15
19
0
0.529411765
0.941176471
1.235294118
6
8.529411765
15.94117647
20.23529412
0
25
25
25
6
33.52941176
40.94117647
45.23529412
site (Pila)
rice field
rice field
rice field
25
1.411764706
26.41176471
25
51.41176471
scattered trees
34
1.470588235
35.47058824
25
60.47058824
scattered trees
30
1.411764706
31.41176471
25
56.41176471
scattered trees
39
1.235294118
40.23529412
25
65.23529412
scattered trees
45
0.941176471
45.94117647
25
70.94117647
scattered trees
8.35
1.65
49
0.810441176
49.81044118
25
74.81044118
scattered trees
47
0.529411765
47.52941176
25
72.52941176
10
48
48
48
Legend:
Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations
populated
place
site
(Magdalena)
Distance from
Lumban (km)
Path Elevation
(m)
Earth Bulge
(m) using
k=4/3
Ground
Elevation (m)
Average height
of Trees (m)
Total Height of
Obstruction
(THO) (m)
11
50
50
50
10
32
0.588235294
32.58823529
25
57.58823529
site
(Magdalena)
scattered trees
30
1.058823529
31.05882353
25
56.05882353
scattered trees
27
1.411764706
28.41176471
25
53.41176471
scattered trees
14
1.647058824
15.64705882
25
40.64705882
scattered trees
15
1.764705882
16.76470588
25
41.76470588
scattered trees
45
1.764705882
46.76470588
25
71.76470588
6.24
4.76
51
1.7472
52.7472
25
77.7472
7
8
9
4
3
2
28
17
20
1.647058824
1.411764706
1.058823529
29.64705882
18.41176471
21.05882353
25
25
25
54.64705882
43.41176471
46.05882353
10
36
0.588235294
36.58823529
25
61.58823529
11
46
46
46
scattered trees
scattered trees
at high
elevated path
scattered trees
rice field
rice field
densely build
up areas
site (Lumban)
Legend:
Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations
Terrain Type
(m)
Antenna Height
Assumption of Antenna Height of
Site B = 55m
Antenna Height
Calculating the following Antenna
Height:
Site A
43m
Site C
Site D
:
:
56m
56m
Distance
from
Pila (km)
First Fresnel
Zone (F1) (m)
60% of F1 (m)
11
0.31
10.69
3.481232203
10
Line of Sight
(LOS) (m)
Upper F1 (m)
Lower F1 (m)
Upper 60% of
F1 (m)
Lower 60% of
F1 (m)
Upper 150%
of F1 (m)
Lower 150%
of F1 (m)
61.00085731
61.00085731
61.00085731
61.00085731
61.00085731
61.00085731
61.00085731
2.088739322
5.221848305
61.02901497
64.51024717
57.54778276
63.11775429
58.94027565
66.25086327
55.80716666
6.047324768
3.628394861
9.070987152
61.09168846
67.13901323
55.0443637
64.72008332
57.4632936
70.16267562
52.02070131
8.113337558
4.868002535
12.17000634
61.18251962
69.29585718
53.06918206
66.05052215
56.31451708
73.35252595
49.01251328
9.368475247
5.621085148
14.05271287
61.27335077
70.64182602
51.90487552
66.89443592
55.65226562
75.32606364
47.2206379
10.1191098
6.071465881
15.1786647
61.36418192
71.48329173
51.24507212
67.43564781
55.29271604
76.54284663
46.18551722
10.47427375
6.284564249
15.71141062
61.45501308
71.92928683
50.98073933
67.73957733
55.17044883
77.1664237
45.74360246
10.47427375
6.284564249
15.71141062
61.54584423
72.02011798
51.07157048
67.83040848
55.26127998
77.25725485
45.83443361
10.1191098
6.071465881
15.1786647
61.63667539
71.75578519
51.51756558
67.70814127
55.5652095
76.81534009
46.45801068
9.368475247
5.621085148
14.05271287
61.72750654
71.09598179
52.35903129
67.34859169
56.10642139
75.78021941
47.67479367
8.113337558
4.868002535
12.17000634
61.81833769
69.93167525
53.70500013
66.68634023
56.95033516
73.98834403
49.64833136
10
6.047324768
3.628394861
9.070987152
61.90916885
67.95649361
55.86184408
65.53756371
58.28077399
70.980156
52.83818169
11
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
Legend:
150% of F1
(m)
Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations
Distance
from
Magdalena
(km)
First Fresnel
Zone (F1) (m)
60% of F1
(m)
150% of F1
(m)
Line of Sight
(LOS) (m)
Upper F1 (m)
Lower F1 (m)
Upper 60% of
F1 (m)
Lower 60% of
F1 (m)
Upper 150%
of F1 (m)
Lower 150%
of F1 (m)
10
60.99355955
60.99355955
60.99355955
60.99355955
60.99355955
60.99355955
60.99355955
6.017012172
3.610207303
9.025518259
65.2942036
71.31121577
59.27719142
68.9044109
61.68399629
74.31972185
56.26868534
8.022682897
4.813609738
12.03402434
69.59484764
77.61753054
61.57216474
74.40845738
64.7812379
81.62887198
57.5608233
9.191137913
5.514682748
13.78670687
73.89549169
83.0866296
64.70435377
79.41017443
68.38080894
87.68219855
60.10878482
9.825739732
5.895443839
14.7386096
78.19613573
88.02187546
68.370396
84.09157957
72.30069189
92.93474533
63.45752613
10.02835362
6.017012172
15.04253043
82.49677978
92.5251334
72.46842615
88.51379195
76.4797676
97.53931021
67.45424934
9.825739732
5.895443839
14.7386096
86.79742382
96.62316355
76.97168409
92.69286766
80.90197998
101.5360334
72.05881422
9.191137913
5.514682748
13.78670687
91.09806787
100.2892058
81.90692995
96.61275061
85.58338512
104.8847747
77.311361
8.022682897
4.813609738
12.03402434
95.39871191
103.4213948
87.37602901
100.2123216
90.58510217
107.4327363
83.36468757
8.35
1.65
7.444659606
4.466795764
11.16698941
96.90393733
104.3485969
89.45927772
101.3707331
92.43714156
108.0709267
85.73694792
6.017012172
3.610207303
9.025518259
99.69935596
105.7163681
93.68234378
103.3095633
96.08914865
108.7248742
90.6738377
10
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
Legend:
Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations
Distance
from
Lumban
(km)
First Fresnel
Zone (F1) (m)
60% of F1
(m)
11
10
6.047324768
Line of Sight
(LOS) (m)
Upper F1 (m)
Lower F1 (m)
Upper 60% of
F1 (m)
Lower 60% of
F1 (m)
Upper 150%
of F1 (m)
Lower 150%
of F1 (m)
105.9993247
105.9993247
105.9993247
105.9993247
105.9993247
105.9993247
105.9993247
3.628394861
9.070987152
105.6357498
111.6830745
99.588425
109.2641446
102.0073549
114.7067369
96.56476261
8.113337558
4.868002535
12.17000634
105.2721748
113.3855123
97.15883723
110.1401773
100.4041723
117.4421811
93.10216845
9.368475247
5.621085148
14.05271287
104.9085998
114.2770751
95.54012456
110.529685
99.28751466
118.9613127
90.85588694
10.1191098
6.071465881
15.1786647
104.5450248
114.6641346
94.42591503
110.6164907
98.47355895
119.7236895
89.36636013
10.47427375
6.284564249
15.71141062
104.1814499
114.6557236
93.70717611
110.4660141
97.89688561
119.8928605
88.47003924
10.47427375
6.284564249
15.71141062
103.8178749
114.2921486
93.34360113
110.1024391
97.53331063
119.5292855
88.10646426
6.24
4.76
10.42219187
6.253315119
15.6332878
103.7306169
114.1528088
93.30842502
109.983932
97.47730177
119.3639047
88.09732909
10.1191098
6.071465881
15.1786647
103.4542999
113.5734097
93.3351901
109.5257658
97.38283402
118.6329646
88.2756352
8
9
3
2
9.368475247
8.113337558
5.621085148
4.868002535
14.05271287
12.17000634
103.0907249
102.72715
112.4592002
110.8404875
93.72224968
94.61381239
108.7118101
107.5951525
97.46963978
97.85914742
117.1434378
114.8971563
89.03801206
90.55714362
10
6.047324768
3.628394861
9.070987152
102.363575
108.4108997
96.31625021
105.9919698
98.73518012
111.4345621
93.29258782
11
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
Legend:
150% of F1
(m)
Highest Obstruction
Data Used in Sample Calculations
Reflection Point
The reflective areas identified by the
researchers are paths of the river
flowing along barangays.
Distance of Point
A from Site A
Distance of Point
B from Site A
60.66
11
0.1
0.10331
10.9
10.89669
6618.864706
6405.07164
60.66
11
0.4
0.4067
10.6
10.5933
1613.85
1586.356428
60.66
11
0.42
0.42661
10.58
10.57339
1534.377392
1509.74929
60.66
11
0.66
0.68033
10.34
10.31967
956.2277176
925.9801942
60.66
11
0.83
0.83326
10.17
10.16674
748.8552285
745.7042962
60.66
11
0.87
0.87472
10.13
10.12528
711.8233878
707.6766388
60.66
11
1.06
1.06276
9.94
9.93724
574.0227543
572.3832916
60.66
11
1.36
1.36495
9.64
9.63505
434.6676
432.8802967
60.66
11
1.47
1.47801
9.53
9.52199
397.7767085
395.3039503
60.66
11
1.57
1.58031
9.43
9.41969
368.7063577
365.9174082
60.66
11
1.7
1.71292
9.3
9.28708
336.0035294
333.0230925
60.66
11
1.82
1.83249
9.18
9.16751
309.9407736
307.4230204
60.66
11
1.88
1.88743
9.12
9.11257
298.149579
296.7412601
60.66
11
3.00732
7.99268
164.1129412
163.5625213
60.66
11
3.16
3.18004
7.84
7.81996
152.6565337
151.3019016
60.66
11
3.31
3.33731
7.69
7.66269
142.9104297
141.229122
60.66
11
6.69
6.69747
4.31
4.30253
58.43004202
58.29069172
60.66
11
7.04
7.04945
3.96
3.95055
56.06744949
55.93847121
60.66
11
7.98
7.98927
3.02
3.01073
38.47651031
38.36253039
60.66
11
8.74
8.75098
2.26
2.24902
33.40379118
33.27405409
60.66
11
10.61
10.62613
0.39
0.37387
22.07541194
21.97781234
Total
Distance of
Distance
Point
from Site A from Site
B to Site C
B
Distance
of Point
B from
Site B
Distance
of Point
A
to Site C
Distance
of Point B
to Site C
Height of
Reflected
Point
from point A
Height of
Reflected
Point
from point B
61
10
0.45
0.45443
9.55
9.54557
1299.667614
1286.445667
61
10
5.45
5.6414
4.55
4.3586
50.68572315
46.80029296
Height of
antenna
at Site C
Total
Distance of
Distance
Point
from Site A from Site
C to Site D
C
Distance
of Point
B from
Site C
Distance
of Point
A
to Site D
Distance
of Point
B
to Site D
Height of
Reflected
Point
from point A
Height of
Reflected
Point
from point B
104.48
11
5.01
5.09028
5.77
5.68972
125.2625115
121.5841909
104.48
11
8.56
8.62014
2.22
2.15986
28.90328224
27.97139299
System Specification
Antenna:
HP12-71
manufactured by Andrew
Radio Equipment: True Point
5000 manufactured by Harris
Waveguide:
EWP77-71
manufactured by Andrew
Parameters
1st Hop
2nd Hop
3rd Hop
118dB
118dB
118dB
139.83dB
139.78dB
140.67dB
Fade Margins
It is the amount by which a received
signal level may be reduced without
causing the system performance to
fall below a specified threshold
value.
Fade Margins
a = 1; For Average Terrain with
Some Roughness
b = 0.25; For Average Inland
Areas
c = 0.1 if reliability is 99.9999 %
Fade Margins
Parameters
1st Hop
2nd Hop
3rd Hop
OFM
37.92dB
36.67dB
37.92dB
TFM
58.67dB
58.71dB
58.83dB
FFM
58.67dB
58.71dB
58.83dB
System Reliability
The researchers considered a
99.9999% reliability of the system.
Reliability Calculation
Parameters
1st Hop
2nd Hop
3rd Hop
8.41x10-9
6.25x10-9
8.10x10-9
Outage
0.27
0.20
0.26
Reliability
99.9999%
99.9999%
99.9999%
Conclusion
The different parameters that can affect the
performance of the microwave communication
link.
Site Selection
Terrain Type
Possible Obstructions
Path Coordinates
Azimuth Calculation
Path Distance
Conclusion
The different parameters that can affect the
performance of the microwave communication
link.
Frequency Selection
Path Profile
Antenna Height
Fresnel Zone
Line of Sight (LOS)
Reflection Point Consideration
Conclusion
The equipment and mathematical calculations to be
used to accomplish a reliable microwave
communication link.
Antenna: HP12-71 manufactured by Andrew
Radio Equipment: True Point 5000 manufactured by
Harris
Waveguide: EWP77-71 manufactured by Andrew
Microwave System Gain
Microwave System Losses
Conclusion
The equipment and mathematical calculations
to be used to accomplish a reliable microwave
communication link.
Received Signal Level (RSL)
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
Net Path Loss (NPL)
Fade Margin
Reliability Calculation
Conclusion
The microwave communication link
design is RELIABLE
Parameters
1st Hop
2nd Hop
3rd Hop
8.41x10-9
6.25x10-9
8.10x10-9
Outage
0.27
0.20
0.26
Reliability
99.9999%
99.9999%
99.9999%
A MULTIHOP COMMUNICATION
LINK DESIGN
FOR NETWORK EXPANSION
OF COMPANY X IN BAY,
LAGUNA
TO LUMBAN, LAGUNA
VIA PILA AND MAGDALENA
AKYAT BAHAY
Researchers:
Caritos, Benille Maria Ariza A.
Hagacer, Elmon Christopher O.