BANKING INDUSTRY

Banking in India originated in the last decades first banks were The General Bank of India, which started in 1786, and Bank of Hindustan, which started in 1770; both are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India, which originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806, which almost immediately became the Bank of Bengal. This was one of the three presidency banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras, all three of which were established under charters from the British East India Company. For many years the Presidency banks acted as quasi-central banks, as did their successors. The three banks merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which, upon India's independence, became the State Bank of India in 1955.

The Indian banking sector has emerged as one of the strongest drivers of Indias economic growth. The Indian banking industry (US$ 1.22 trillion) has made outstanding advancement in last few years, even during the times when the rest of the world was struggling with financial meltdown. India's economic development and financial sector liberalization have led to a transformation of the Indian banking sector over the past two decades.

GROWTH DRIVERS OF INDIAN BANKING SECTOR

High growth of Indian Economy: The growth of the banking industry is closely linked with the growth of the overall economy. India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and is set to remain on that path for many years to come. This will be backed by the stellar growth in infrastructure, industry, services and agriculture. This is expected to boost the corporate credit growth in the economy and provide opportunities to banks to lend to fulfil these requirements in the future. Rising per capita income: The rising per capita income will drive the growth of retail credit. Indians have a conservative outlook towards credit except for housing and other necessities. However, with an increase in disposable income and increased exposure to a range of products, consumers have shown a higher willingness to take credit, particularly, young customers. A study of the customer profiles of different types of banks, reveals that foreign and private banks share of younger customers is over 60% whereas public banks have only 32% customers under the age of 40. Private Banks also have a much higher share of the more profitable mass affluent segment. New channel Mobile banking is expected to become the second largest channel for banking after ATMs: New channels used to offer banking services will drive the growth of banking industry exponentially in the future by increasing productivity and acquiring new customers. During the last decade, banking through ATMs and internet has shown a tremendous growth, which is still in the growth phase. After ATMs, mobile banking is expected to give another push to this industry growth in a big way, with the help of new 3G and smart phone technology (mobile usage has grown tremendously over the years). Financial Inclusion Program: Currently, in India, 41% of the adult population dont have bank accounts, which indicates a large untapped market for banking players. Under the Financial Inclusion Program, RBI is trying to tap this untapped market and the growth potential in rural markets by volume growth for banks. Financial inclusion is the delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups.

CHALLENGES FOR INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY

Rural Market Banking in India is generally fairly mature in terms of supply, product range and reach, even though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign banks. In terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets relative to other banks in comparable economies in its region. Global Banking It is practically and fundamentally impossible for any nation to exclude itself from world economy. Therefore, for sustainable development, one has to adopt integration process in the form of liberalization and globalization as India spread the red carpet for foreign firms in 1991. The impact of globalization becomes challenges for the domestic enterprises as they are bound to compete with global players. Financial Inclusion Financial inclusion has become a necessity in todays business environment. Whatever is produced by business houses, that has to be under the check from various perspectives like environmental concerns, corporate governance, social and ethical issues. Apart from it to bridge the gap between rich and poor, the poor people of the country should be given proper attention to improve their economic condition.

TOP FIVE BANKS IN INDIA

STATE BANK OF INDIA ICICI PNB HDFC BANK OF BARODA

SBI
State Bank of India (SBI) (NSE: SBIN, BSE: 500112, LSE: SBID) is the largest banking and financial services company in India by revenue, assets and market capitalisation. It is a state-owned corporation with its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As of March 2012, it had assets ofUS$360 billion and 14,119 branches, including 173 foreign offices in 37 countries across the globe. Including the branches that belong to its associate banks, SBI has 21,500 branches. The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding in 1806 of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian Subcontinent. Bank of Madras merged into the other two presidency banksBank of Calcutta and Bank of Bombayto form the Imperial Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India. The Government of India nationalised the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with the Reserve Bank of India taking a 60% stake, and renamed it the State Bank of India. In 2008, the government took over the stake held by the Reserve Bank of India. SBI has been ranked 285th in the Fortune Global 500 rankings of the world's biggest corporations for the year 2012.[1]

Key people

Pratip Chaudhuri (Chairman)

ICICI
ICICI Bank Limited (NSE: ICICIBANK, BSE: 532174, NYSE: IBN) is an Indian diversified financial services company headquartered inMumbai, Maharashtra. It is the second largest bank in India by assets and third largest by market capitalization. It offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank has a network of 2,772 branches and 9,364 ATM's in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India.[2]

Key people

K. V. Kamath (Chairman) Chanda Kochhar (MD & CEO)

PNB
Punjab National Bank (PNB) (BSE: 532461, NSE: PNB) is an Indian financial services company based in New Delhi, India. PNB is the third largest bank in India by assets. It was founded in 1894 and is currently the second largest state-owned commercial bank in India ahead of Bank of Baroda with about 5000 branches across 764 cities. It serves over 37 million customers. The bank has been ranked 248th biggest bank in the world by the Bankers Almanac, London. The bank's total assets for financial year 2007 were about US$60 billion. PNB has a banking subsidiary in the UK, as well as branches in Hong Kong, Dubai and Kabul, and representative offices in Almaty, Dubai, Oslo, and Shanghai.

Key people

K R Kamath (Chairman & MD)

HDFC
HDFC Bank Limited (BSE: 500180, NSE: HDFCBANK, NYSE: HDB) is an Indian financial services company based in Mumbai, Maharashtrathat was incorporated in August 1994. HDFC Bank is the fifth or sixth largest bank in India by assets and the second largest bank by market capitalization as of February 24, 2012. The bank was promoted by the Housing Development Finance Corporation, a premier housing finance company (set up in 1977) of India. As on October 2012, HDFC Bank has 2,544 branches and over 10,000 ATMs, in 1,399 cities in India, and all branches of the bank are linked on an online real-time basis. As of 30 September 2008 the bank had total assets of Rs.1006.82 billion.[3] For the fiscal year 2010-11, the bank has reported net profit of 3,926.30 crore (US$714.59 million), up 33.1% from the previous fiscal. Total annual earnings of the bank increased by 20.37% reaching at 24,263.4 crore (US$4.42 billion) in 2010-11.[4] HDFC Bank is one of the Big Four banks of India, along with: State Bank of India, ICICI Bank and Punjab National Bank.

Key people

Deepak Parekh (Chairman) Mr Aditya Puri (MD)

BANK OF BARODA
Bank of Baroda (BoB) (BSE: 532134) (Hindi: ) is the highest profit-making public sector undertaking (PSU) bank in India and the second largest PSU bank in terms of number of total business in India. Based in Vadodara, India,it is the country's first largest public sector lender in terms of annual profit.[4][5][5][6] BoB is ranked 715 on Forbes Global 2000 list. BoB has total assets in excess of Rs. 3.58 lakh crores, or Rs. 3,583 billion, a network of 4007 branches (out of which 3914 branches[7] are in India) and offices, and over 2000 ATMs. It plans to open 400 new branches in the coming year.[when?] It offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through its delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, credit cards and asset management. Its total global business was Rs. 6,722.48 billion as of 31 March 2012.[8] Its headquarter is in Vadodara and corporate headquarter is in Bandra Kurla Complex Mumbai.

Key people

M. D. Mallya (Chairman & MD)

NAME OF THE BANK

Founde d in (year)

Owners hip

H.Q.

Total Branc hes

No. of ATMs

Glob al Pres ence (No. of coun tries )

Turnover (2011-12) Amt. in Rs.

Net Profit (2011-12) Amt. in Rs.

Total Assets (2012) Amt. in Rs.

Total No. of Employees

Interest Rate

Basic

SBI

1955

Govern ment

Mumb ai

1600 0

2703 2

37

36.950 billion

3.202 billion

359.237 billion

292215

9.75%

ICICI

1955

Private

Mumb ai

288 3

1002 1

19

13.52 billion

1.597 billion

93 billion

81254

9.75%

HDFC

1994

Private

Mumb ai

262 0

1036 1

6.487 billion

978.3 billion

70.17 billion

66076

9.80%

PNB

1896

Govern ment

New Delhi

569 7

6050

10

6.63 billion

888.89 million

70 billion

56000

10.50%

BOB

1908

Govern ment

Vado dara

400 7

2000

24

5.4 billion

911.09 million

65 billion

42631

10.50%