POLITEKNIK SULTAN MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

Prepared By : Mohd Khairi Ali Department Of Mechanical Eng

KOD : JA 505 KURSUS : AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS PROGRAM : DAD5-S3

CHAPTER 2

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
1st Individual Assignment
Topic: vehicle safety system.
Scope : Open Expectation: 1. Max 5 pages report. 2. Compact and straight to the point. 3. MUST include references Mark: 5%( out of 20%)
Submission date: BEFORE 2 pm, 2th September 2012 . Note: 1. Submission after 2pm will be automatically deduct 2% 2. Exactly similar content of the report will be given 0%
Evaluation will be based on technical information

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Objectives of this topic 1. To understand the working principal of ignition system 2. To understand types of ignition system

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Main Purpose
To supply a spark and ignite the mixture of air + fuel in the combustion chamber To control the timing of the spark so it can occurs at the exact right time and send it to the correct cylinder. Produces high voltage surges to fire the spark plug, at the correct time compared to the piston position in the cylinder

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
In order for the spark plug to ignite ( for a spark to jump across an air gap of 0.6mm under normal condition(1bar), a voltage of 23kv is required. With a compression ratio 8:1 , approximately 8kv is required.
NOTE: Higher compression ratio 20kv maybe required.

To do the above task, A transformer is required to transform the 12 volt battery to 8kv-20kv
Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
The design of Ignition system varies according to:
1. How ignition is trigger 2. How the timing is adjusted 3. How the high voltage is distribute

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Design consideration 1. Combustion chamber design 2. Air-fuel ratio 3. Engine speed range 4. Engine load 5. Engine combustion temperature 6. Emission regulation

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Basic Principal

The basic principle of the electrical spark ignition system has not changed for over 75 years. What has changed is:

the method by which how it is distributed the spark is created Types of ignition systems
1. Mechanical Ignition System

2.Electronic Ignition System

3. Distributorless Ignition System
Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Mechanical Ignition System
The ignition system is divided into two sections: 1. Primary Circuit 2. Secondary Circuit Primary circuit Provide low voltage, sending signal to fire the spark plug, step-up low voltage to high voltage using ignition coil. Secondary circuit - Once the voltage is stepped up, it goes to the secondary circuit which then directs the charge to the correct spark plug at the right time. Conventional Ignition system
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Operating Principle
Synchronization & High voltage distribution
-Synchronization with the crankshaft, thus the position of the individual pistons is guaranteed by the mechanical coupling

Ignition sequence

-When the system is operating, voltage from the battery (1)flow through the starter/ignition switch(2) and to terminal1( 5) on the ignition coil (3) When contact breaker(6) is closed, the current flows through the primary winding of the ignition coil to ground. This builds up a magnetic field in the ignition coil. Thus storing the ignition energy

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil
Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil
Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Ignition Coil Store the ignition energy and deliver it in the form of a high voltage surge through the HT ignition cable to the distributor

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Ignition & starting switch A switch in the primary circuit of the coil, manually operated with the ignition key

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Ballast Resistor Is wired in series with the coil primary to reduce voltage which ignition switch is in the run position

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Contact Breaker( with the distributor) Open & Close the primary circuit of the ignition coil for the purposes of energy storage and voltage conversion

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Ignition Capacitor Provides for low loss interruption of the primary current and suppresses most of the arcing between the contact points

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Ignition distributor At a instant of ignition, distributes the firing voltage to the spark plugs in a pre-set sequence

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Centrifugal Mechanism Automatically shifts the ignition timing depending on the engine speed

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Vacuum Mechanism Automatically shifts the ignition timing depending on the engine load
Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Component of the conventional ignition system
Ignition coil Ignition & starting switch Ballast Resistor Contact Breaker Ignition condenser/ capacitor Ignition distributor Centrifugal mechanism Vacuum Advance mechanism Spark Plug

Spark Plug Contains the electrodes which are the most important parts required to generate the ignition spark and seals off the combustion chamber
Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
The disadvantage of the mechanical system:1.Mechanical wear where they ride the cam to open and shut 2. Oxidation and burning at the contact Will create poor sparking which lead to lower engine efficiency surfaces need for higher mileage, reduced emissions and greater from the constant sparking.

reliability has led to the development of the electronic ignition systems

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
The Electronic Ignition System
Electronic ignition systems differ from conventional ignition systems in the distributor component area. Instead of a distributor cam, breaker plate, points, and condenser, an electronic ignition system has an armature (called by various names such as a trigger wheel, reluctor, etc.), a pickup coil/sensor (stator, sensor, etc.), and an electronic control module.

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
The Electronic Ignition System
Ignition module Use transistor to turn The current flow for the coil primary winding On & Off It get signal to do this from the ignition pic up coil

Pick up coil Signal the transistor in the ignition module to operate

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Purpose of Electronic Ignition System

Allows a stronger built up of the magnetic field in the coil Increasing saturation time Produce a stronger spark than conventional point system Reduce emission Vehicle should stay within emission limits for much longer t point style

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Purpose of Electronic Ignition System

With the ignition switch turned on, primary (battery) curren from the battery through the ignition switch to the coil pr windings. Primary current is turned on and off by the action of the armature as it revolves past the pickup coil or sensor. As each tooth of the armature nears the pickup coil, it cre a voltage that signals the electronic module to turn off th coil primary current
Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Contd

A timing circuit in the module will turn the current on aga the coil field has collapsed. When the current is off, however, the magnetic field built the coil is allowed to collapse, which causes a high volta secondary windings of the coil. The secondary coil feed this voltage to the distributor. The distributor distribute the high voltage from the coil to correct cylinder
Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Distributorless ignition system
The third type of ignition system is the distributorless ignition 1. The spark plugs are fired directly from the coils 2. The spark timing is controlled by an Ignition Control Unit (ICU) and the Engine Control Unit (ECU) This system uses magnetic crankshaft sensor, camshaft position sensor, or both, to determine crankshaft position and engine speed The signal is sent to the ignition control module or engine control module which then energizes the appropriate coil.

The distributorless ignition system may have one coil per cylinder, or one coil for each pair of cylinders.

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
The advantages of no distributor, in theory, is:
No No No No No timing adjustments distributor cap and rotor moving parts to wear out distributor to accumulate moisture and cause starting problems distributor to drive thus providing less engine drag

Automotive Ignition System

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
HALL EFFECT SENSOR
The device that detects the presence of magnetic field A Voltage is generated transversely to the current flow direction, if a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the conductor. Commonly used in variety of automotive industrial application

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Principle

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Applicati on
Automotive Applications camshaft sensor crankshaft sensor ignition timing engine speed drive-by-wire brake-by-wire steer-by-wire throttle position sensor current measurement cooling fans RPM measurement wheel speed sensors angle sensor current measurement position measurement distance measurement

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Typical Application RPM Measurement
By

placing a Hall Sensor on the Camshaft Wheel. The rotating wheel modulates the field and the teeth of the wheel are detected The control signals can now be sent for computer control or motor management Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Typical Application RPM Measurement

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Functional Principle
Functional

principle of a Hall sensor: The output voltage of the sensor and the switching state, respectively, depend on the magnetic flux density through the Hall plate. Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Limitation High Sensitivity = High Cost s

Advantag es Cheaper than Current

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

Must create strong mounting Often need digital control though it is an analog sensor Operation Range

Conclusio ns

Transformers > 95% accuracy

Hall sensors are ideal for non-intrusive sensing of rotational position and location detection Signal is used for analog and digital detection

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

Tutorial

1) Basic operation of airbags system 2) Basic operation of keyless entry system 3) Basic operation of tire pressure monito system 4) Basic operation antitheft system
Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
Department Of Mechanical Engineering