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ONCOGENE
is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
Oncogenes
May be GF, GFR, Intracellular signal transduction molecules, nuclear transcription factors, or other molecules involved in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation.
PROTO-ONCOGENES
Normal counterpart of the oncogene. a normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression.
Proto-oncogenes
Can be activated or over expressed by: - Translocation (abl) - Promoter insertion (c-myc) - Mutation (ras)
CANCER INVASION
Ability of malignant cells to invade the surrounding normal tissue.
In situ cancer tumors in which the malignant cells appear to lie exclusively above the basement membrane. Invasive cancer tumors in which malignant cells are demonstrated to breach the basement membrance, penetrating into surrounding stroma.
METASTASIS
Metastases arise from the spread of cancer cells from the primary site and the formation of new tumors in distant sites.
METASTATIC PROCESS
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