Similar Triangles

What is SIMILARITY ??
Two geometrical objects are called similar if they both have the same shape. One can be obtained from the other by uniformly scaling (enlarging or shrinking), possibly with additional rotation. Similar to each other all squares, all circles, all equilateral triangles, etc Not similar to each other rectangles, hyperbolas.

History
Shadow reckoning was one of the great arts of the ancient Greeks, and was used extensively by early mathematicians, especially in measuring the heights of inaccessible objects. When the Greek mathematician, Thales, visited Egypt, he astonished the people with his use of shadow reckoning to find the height of the Great Pyramid. He first waited until his shadow was exactly as long as he was tall, then measuring the length of the shadow of the pyramid. Of course, he couldnt get into the Pyramid to measure the distance from the center of the tip to the tip of the shadow!!!!

Similar Triangles
Two triangles and are said to be similar if either of the following equivalent conditions holds: AA similarity - They have two identical angles, which implies that their angles are all identical. SS similarity - Corresponding sides have lengths in the same ratio. SAS similarity - Two sides have lengths in the same ratio, and the angles included between these sides have the same measure.

Similar Triangles Figures

Theorems

Basic Proportionality Theorem

The adjacent triangle ABC has another triangle DEF inscribed in it such that DE is parallel to BC. Then, by Basic Proportionality Theorem, AD/DB = AE /EC. (OR) AD/AB = AE/AC.

Pythagoras Theorem
The adjacent triangle is a right angled triangle (angle B = 90 ) In the adjacent figure, AC is the hypotenuse, BC and AB are the remaining two sides. Then, by Pythagoras theorem AC2 = AB2 + BC2.

Projection Theorem 1
The adjacent triangle ABC is an acute angled triangle. AD is perpendicular to BC. By projection theorem 1, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 2BC.CD

Projection Theorem 2
The adjacent triangle ABC is an obtuse angles triangle. AD is perpendicular to BC produced to D. By projection theorem 2, AB2 = AC2 + BC2 + 2CD.BC

Apollonius Theorem
In the adjacent triangle ABC, AM is the median. The sum of the squares of two sides of a triangle is equal to twice the sum of the square on the median which bisects the third side and the square of half the third side. AB2 + AC2 = 2(AM2 + BM2)

Vertical Angle Bisector Theorem

The adjacent triangle ABC has an angle bisector AD to BC. By vertical angle bisector theorem, CA/CD = BA/BD.

Applications of Similar Triangles.

 Similar triangles It is used in aerial photography to see the distance from the sky to the ground. It is used in construction to measure out the room and scale size. It is used in light beams to see the distance from light to the target. The Wright Brothers used similar triangles to prepare their landing.

 In architecture similar triangles are used to represent doors and how far they swing open. You can also use it to find the height of a ramp.

Efforts by :
1. Devyani 2. Fabin 3. Mahima 4. Pranav 5. Yash