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INTRODUCTION
During the last 25 years, a wave of environment consciousness and concern is being developed in India and world But noise pollution is much ignored, an important environment pollutant What is noise? Major cause traffic
NATURE OF NOISE
Definition of sound Production of sound Sound terminology Pitch, Frequency, Intensity, Waveform, Amplitude, Loudness, Perceived Noisiness, Annoyance Kinds of noise Noisy, Abrasive, Soothing, Displeasing
UNIT OF SOUND
Measurement of noise is a complicated subject The basic unit of sound is Decibel (dB) If the amplitude of pressure fluctuation is P, then the sound level is give by, L=10 log (P /Po)2 dB where Po =2*10-5 N/m2 (a reference pressure) Thus dB is based on a ratio of pressure and so is dimension less Reason for the logarithmic nature of decibel
SOUND FIELD
There are 3 types of sound fields The near field The far field The diffuse field Impulse of Impact Sound Ultra sound and Infra sound Range of Human Ear
INTENSITY OF SOUND
The ISO noise intensity level as: L = 20 log (P/Po) =10 log (I/Io)
N/m2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2x10-5 2x10-4 2x10-3 10x10-2 2x10-1 2x(20o) 2(2x10) 200x(2x102)
W/m2
10-12 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10(10o) 100(102)
dB
0 20 40 60 80 0 120 140
SOURCES OF NOISE
Community Noise Sources Loudspeaker Construction Work Traffic Noise Road traffic Aircrafts Industrial Noise
Source
Respondent in %
55 10 15 1 1 2 2 6 8 100%
Road traffic Aircraft Train Industries Construction Hone sources Home equipments Other noise Not asscerlausted
Physiological Effects Short term effects Long term effect Hearing loss Effect on body functions Activation of sympathetic functions Affects on the production system Slow down the detoxifying functions of liver Increase heart rate and blood pressure Effect on vision and balance Increased secretion of adrenalin
Effect on Workers Efficiency Reduction of noise from 96 dB to 87 dB increase performance by 12% Effects on Wild Life Production of eggs & milk affected Effect on Non Living Things Building cracks, Shattering, Cracks in walls, Loosening of plaster etc.
CONTROL OF NOISE
Basic principle of noise control are
Noise control at source Control along transmission path Control at the receiver Legislation Awareness and education of people
Noise control at source Proper Designing Proper Operation Proper maintenance Noise control along the path Sources must be properly located Barriers- solid, heavy & high Modification in sound path Use of abrasive material Masonry screens & partial enclosures Isolation of noisy equipment and process
Noise control at the receiver Double glazing the windows Sound insulation for roofs & walls Sealing doors & openings Ear protection devices Legislation Awareness & Education
Noise pollution law in India Originally did not have any law 42nd amendment of constitution in 1976 inserted art. 48A &51A The environment protection act 1986 has become effective on Nov. 12,1986
CONCLUSION
Earlier emphasis used to given on air pollution & water pollution Noise pollution was almost neglected But nowadays some attention is given to noise pollution Noise is increasing at the rate of 1dB per year in all urban environment
CONCLUSION
Noise affects human health adversely Whole society is responsible Road traffic is the main source
RECOMMENDATION
Awareness in public Measure should be taken to minimise noise from road traffic Proper legislation Proper planning of city for different types of vehicles Noise level study must be conducted for big cities regularly
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