To reduce the environmental pollution. To reduce the cement content in the concrete.

To make the structural member with the proper mix of the textile sludge with the concrete. Recycling process is been adopted. To provide economical and durable pavement blocks.

The textile sludge was collected from Tamil Nadu Textile Processing Mills Ltd., Erode District. The sludge was dried in hot air oven for 24 hours at 90 degree Celsius. The sludge was ground manually.

The sludge was passed through 425 micron and was retained in 600 micron sieve. The pavement blocks are manufactured by BIS specifications by applying hydraulic pressure. The frequency is being in the range of 50 to 100 Hz. The blocks thus prepared are stacked for curing.

The mix proportions obtained for M50 grade concrete by IS method. The Mix ratio for M50 grade concrete is,
Cement 667 Kg/m3 1 Fine Aggregate 821 Kg/m3 1.23 Coarse Aggegrate 2311 kg/m3 3.46 Water 200l/m3 0.3

The area of the paver block is 32150mm2 which is calculated by splitting I- Section into three parts :
Area of rectangular portion 1 Area of rectangular portion 2 Area of triangular portion Total area =220x120 = (25x45) x4 = 4 x 312.28 = 26400 mm2 = 4500 mm2 = 1250 mm2 = 32150mm2

Compressive strength is calculated by dividing the load applied on the specimen to the area of the specimen.
Compressive strength (Mpa)

() (2 )

And thus applying the correction factor for chamfered according to IS 15658:2000, page 12, the results are displayed.

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

% of sludge S0 S 10 S 20 S 30 S 40

7th day Compressive Strength Mpa 39 33.9 28.1 22.74 14.73

21th day Compressive Strength Mpa 57.66 49.65 39.40 31.39 23.06

120
7 day Compressive strength (Mpa)

100
80 60 40 20 0

S0
57.66 39

S 10
49.65 33.9

S 20
39.4 28.1

S 30
31.39 22.74

S 40
23.06 14.73

28 day Compressive strength (Mpa) 7 day Compressive strength (Mpa)

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

% of sludge C 65 C 60 C 55 C 65 C 55 S 30 S 35 S 40 SF 5 SF 5 SF 5

7th day Compressive Strength Mpa 21.14 17.3 14.09 26.27 20.50

21th day Compressive Strength Mpa 33.31 29.47 20.18 41.64 32.03

S 25 SF 10 S 35 SF 10

80
7 day Compressive strength (Mpa)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

1
33.31 21.14

2
29.47 17.3

3
20.18 14.09

4
41.64 26.27

5
32.03 20.5

28 day Compressive strength (Mpa) 7 day Compressive strength (Mpa)

The test specimen was completely immersed in water at room temperature for 24 hours. Then the wet weight of the test specimen were noted. The specimens were dried in a ventilated oven at 1070 C for 24 hours and the dry weight of the specimens were recorded.

The water absorption should be calculated by the formula : Water absorption % =

The water absorption percentage should not be more than 6 as per IS 15658:2006,Page-5

Sl.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Mix Combination S0 S 10 S 20 S 30 S 40

Wet Weight 4.410 4.330 4.590 4.530 4.490

Dry weight 4.230 4.130 4.360 4.280 4.230

% of Water absorbed 4.25 4.84 5.27 5.84 6.14

6
5 4 3 2 1 0 % of water absorbed

% of Water Absorbed 0S 4.25

10 S 4.84

20 S 5.27

30 S 5.84

40 S 6.14

Sl.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Mix Combination C 65 C 60 C 55 C 65 C 55 S 30 S 35 S 40 S 25 S 35 SF 5 SF 5 SF 5 SF 10 SF 10

Wet Weight 4.430 4.450 4.460 4.420 4.550

Dry weight 4.200 4.210 4.200 4.180 4.340

% of Water absorbed 5.47 5.7 6.19 5.47 4.83

6
5 4 3 2 1 0 % of water Absorbed % of water Absorbed 1. 5.47

2. 5.7

3. 6.19

4. 5.47

5. 4.83

The load shall be applied from the top of the specimen in the form of a simple beam loading through a roller placed midway between the supporting rollers. The distance from centre-to-centre of the two supporting rollers shall be adjustable to the overall length of the specimen minus 50mm.

The Flexural strength of the specimen can be calculated by F= 3Pl/2bd2 F-Flexural strength in N/mm2 P-Maximum Load in N l- Distance between central lines of supporting rollers in mm. b- Average width of block in mm. d- Average Thickness in mm.

Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

% of sludge S0 S 10 S 20 S 30 S 40

Breaking Load (N) 4590 4260 3415 2577 2075

Flexural Strength (Mpa) 3.90 3.62 2.90 2.18 1.76

To be contd..

Sl. No. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

% of sludge C 65 C 60 C 55 C 65 C 55 S 30 S 35 S 40 SF 5 SF 5 SF 5

Breaking Load (N) 2440 1920 1440 3560 2560

Flexural Strength (Mpa) 2.07 1.63 1.22 2.77 2.17

S 25 SF 10 S 35 SF 10

5000 4500 4000

Breaking Load (N)

3500

3000
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1. 4590 2. 4260 3. 3415 4. 2577 5. 2075 6. 2440 7. 1920 8. 1440 9. 3560 10. 2560

Breaking Load (N)

4.5 4 3.5

Flexural Strength (Mpa)

3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1. 3.9 2. 3.62 3. 2.9 4. 2.18 5. 1.76 6. 2.07 7. 1.63 8. 1.22 9. 2.77 10. 2.17

Flexural Strength (Mpa)

The sludge is been used effective in the making of the pavement blocks ,thus the waste material is been recycled. The combinations obtained by replacing cement by sludge up to 30% gave compressive strength more than 30MPa and water absorption less than 6%.