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What is Biodiversity?
"The variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems" --Convention on Biological Diversity "Variability within nature" --UK Biodiversity Action Plan "Wide array of ecosystems, ecological processes, species and genes" --Environment Canada
Biodiversity Loss
Species extinction and habitat loss Today, biodiversity loss is 1000 times higher than the rates found in the fossil record
http://www.glogster.com/media/4/12/37/46/12374610.gif
http://www.iucn.org/iyb/about/biodiversity_crisis/
glacier mt.com
http://www.iucn.org/iyb/about/biodiversity/
US Biodiversity Policy
The USA has no official national biodiversity policy. However, there are key pieces of legislation that help define US biodiversity policy. - US government policy has been primarily focused on conservation efforts for most of history - US Fish and Wildlife Service (http://www.fws.gov/) US government's wildlife and conservation agency - Recent development US government position moving closer to support an international biodiversity agreement. (http://blogs.forbes.com/francisvorhies/2011/07/27/us-getting-seriousabout-international-biodiversity-policy/)
EU Biodiversity Policies
Habitat Directive o Protects 1000 animals and plant species and 200 "habitat types" (EU) Bird Directive o Protects birds and their habitats Natura 2000 o EU-wide network of protected areas EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 o Goal to stop biodiversity loss by 2020 o Focus on EU and the globe http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/
Biodiversity in Canada
1973 Canada Wildlife Act o Creates national wildlife areas 1990 Wildlife Policy for Canada o emphasized the restoration of biodiversity and ecological processes Migratory Birds Convention Act 1994 o Protects birds from hunting and trafficking o Establishes Migratory Bird Refuges 1995 Canadian Biodiversity Strategy o produced by a group including federal, provincial and territorial governments o Guide to carrying out Canada's commitments under the Convention of Biodiversity
http://canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/legislation/legislation.htm
Canadian Provinces
Ontario o The Managed Forest Tax Incentive Program
A voluntary program administered by the MNR to provide lower property taxes to participating landowners who agree to conserve and actively manage their forests.
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British Columbia o Ecological Services Act Preserves land to protect species and habitats o Wildlife Act Creates wildlife areas, protects endangered species, and regulates invasive species
http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Biodiversity/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_166973.html http://wcel.org/sites/default/files/Biodiversity%20law%20and%20policy%20in%20British%20Columbia.pdf
Conclusions
Comparatively speaking, the US has no official national biodiversity plan while the UK and Canada have national long-term biodiversity plans. The most used policies are direct regulation and provision of information We may be going into a 6th mass extinction period, so it is very important to act now!
Questions?